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Alterations in protein homeostasis, also known as proteostasis, are a hallmark of aging that lead to proteome imbalances and protein aggregation, phenomena that also occur in age-related diseases. Among the various proteostasis regulators, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to play important roles in the post-transcriptional control of genes involved in maintaining proteostasis during the lifespan in several organismal tissues. In this review, we consolidate recently published reports that demonstrate how miRNAs regulate fundamental proteostasis-related processes relevant to tissue aging, with emphasis on the two most studied tissues, brain tissue and skeletal muscle. We also explore an emerging perspective on the role of miRNA regulatory networks in age-related protein aggregation, a known hallmark of aging and age-related diseases, to elucidate potential miRNA candidates for anti-aging diagnostic and therapeutic targets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23063232","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,20]],"date-time":"2022-03-20T21:30:14Z","timestamp":1647811814000},"page":"3232","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["The Role of MicroRNAs in Proteostasis Decline and Protein Aggregation during Brain and Skeletal Muscle Aging"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0022-3872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephany","family":"Francisco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine\u2014iBiMED, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3953-3088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vera","family":"Martinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine\u2014iBiMED, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Margarida","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine\u2014iBiMED, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Andreia","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine\u2014iBiMED, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Moura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine\u2014iBiMED, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4000-7461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Raquel","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine\u2014iBiMED, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Manuel A. S.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine\u2014iBiMED, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"Multidisciplinary Institute of Aging, MIA-Portugal, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Rua Largo 2, 3\u00ba, 3000-370 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00516-4","article-title":"The World Report on Ageing and Health: A Policy Framework for Healthy Ageing","volume":"387","author":"Beard","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.05.039","article-title":"The Hallmarks of Aging","volume":"153","author":"Blasco","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-018-1829-8","article-title":"Differential \u03b1-Synuclein Expression Contributes to Selective Vulnerability of Hippocampal Neuron Subpopulations to Fibril-Induced Toxicity","volume":"135","author":"Luna","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-03509-0","article-title":"A Common Mechanism of Proteasome Impairment by Neurodegenerative Disease-Associated Oligomers","volume":"9","author":"Thibaudeau","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. 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