{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T17:36:29Z","timestamp":1767893789912,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,18]],"date-time":"2022-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652832000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["Strategic Projects UID\/NEU\/04539\/2013; UIDB\/00100\/2020; UIDB\/04539\/2020 and UIDP\/04539\/2020;"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Strategic Projects UID\/NEU\/04539\/2013; UIDB\/00100\/2020; UIDB\/04539\/2020 and UIDP\/04539\/2020;"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["projects POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029369 and CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["projects POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029369 and CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000012"]}]},{"name":"COMPETE 2020\u2014Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation and Portuguese national funds","award":["Strategic Projects UID\/NEU\/04539\/2013; UIDB\/00100\/2020; UIDB\/04539\/2020 and UIDP\/04539\/2020;"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Strategic Projects UID\/NEU\/04539\/2013; UIDB\/00100\/2020; UIDB\/04539\/2020 and UIDP\/04539\/2020;"]}]},{"name":"COMPETE 2020\u2014Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation and Portuguese national funds","award":["projects POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029369 and CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["projects POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029369 and CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000012"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Curcumin has been suggested as a promising treatment for metabolic diseases, but the high doses required limit its therapeutic use. In this study, a new curcuminoid is synthesised to increase curcumin anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential and to achieve hypoglycaemic and protective vascular effects in type 2 diabetic rats in a lower dose. In vitro, the anti-inflammatory effect was determined through the Griess reaction, and the antioxidant activity through ABTS and TBARS assays. In vivo, Goto-Kakizaki rats were treated for 2 weeks with the equimolar dose of curcumin (40 mg\/kg\/day) or curcuminoid (52.4 mg\/kg\/day). Fasting glycaemia, insulin tolerance, plasma insulin, insulin signalling, serum FFA, endothelial function and several markers of oxidative stress were evaluated. Both compounds presented a significant anti-inflammatory effect. Moreover, the curcuminoid had a marked hypoglycaemic effect, accompanied by higher GLUT4 levels in adipose tissue. Both compounds increased NO-dependent vasorelaxation, but only the curcuminoid exacerbated the response to ascorbic acid, consistent with a higher decrease in vascular oxidative and nitrosative stress. SOD1 and GLO1 levels were increased in EAT and heart, respectively. Altogether, these data suggest that the curcuminoid developed here has more pronounced effects than curcumin in low doses, improving the oxidative stress, endothelial function and glycaemic profile in type 2 diabetes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23105652","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,18]],"date-time":"2022-05-18T11:59:37Z","timestamp":1652875177000},"page":"5652","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Improvement of Glycaemia and Endothelial Function by a New Low-Dose Curcuminoid in an Animal Model of Type 2 Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0423-7959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Coimbra Institute of Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine and Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical-Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Tamaeh","family":"Monteiro-Alfredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coimbra Institute of Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine and Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical-Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Group on Biotechnology and Bioprospecting Applied to Metabolism (GEBBAM), Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados 79825-070, MS, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4650-1081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita","family":"Henriques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9707-4895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos Fontes","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical-Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Raquel","family":"Sei\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical-Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9846-6754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"CNC\u2014Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4562-6683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9lia","family":"Cabral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coimbra Institute of Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine and Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical-Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rosa","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coimbra Institute of Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine and Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical-Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5335-8810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F\u00e1tima","family":"Piedade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CQE, Complexo I, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8200-6910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Paula","family":"Robalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CQE, Complexo I, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa (ISEL), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Lisboa, 1959-007 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3422-290X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo","family":"Matafome","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coimbra Institute of Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine and Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical-Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Coimbra, Coimbra Health School (ESTeSC), 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"S\u00f3nia","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Coimbra Institute of Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine and Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty 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