{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T05:47:41Z","timestamp":1772257661350,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"National Science Centre, Poland, \u201cMiniatura 2\u201d Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018\/02\/X\/NZ4\/00101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018\/02\/X\/NZ4\/00101"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Endometrosis is a frequently occurring disease decreasing mares\u2019 fertility. Thus, it is an important disease of the endometrium associated with epithelial and stromal cell alterations, endometrium gland degeneration and periglandular fibrosis. Multiple degenerative changes are found in uterine mucosa, the endometrium. However, their pathogenesis is not well known. It is thought that nuclear factor-\u03baB (NF-\u03baB), a cell metabolism regulator, and its activation pathways take part in it. The transcription of the profibrotic pathway genes of the NF-\u03baB in fibrotic endometria differed between the follicular (FLP) and mid-luteal (MLP) phases of the estrous cycle, as well as with fibrosis progression. This study aimed to investigate the transcription of genes of estrogen (ESR1, ESR2) and progesterone receptors (PGR) in equine endometria to find relationships between the endocrine environment, NF-\u03baB-pathway, and fibrosis. Endometrial samples (n = 100), collected in FLP or MLP, were classified histologically, and examined using quantitative PCR. The phase of the cycle was determined through the evaluation of ovarian structures and hormone levels (estradiol, progesterone) in serum. The transcription of ESR1, ESR2, and PGR decreased with the severity of endometrial fibrosis and degeneration of the endometrium. Moreover, differences in the transcription of ESR1, ESR2, and PGR were noted between FLP and MLP in the specific categories and histopathological type of equine endometrosis. In FLP and MLP, specific moderate and strong correlations between ESR1, ESR2, PGR and genes of the NF-\u03baB pathway were evidenced. The transcription of endometrial steroid receptors can be subjected to dysregulation with the degree of equine endometrosis, especially in both destructive types of endometrosis, and mediated by the canonical NF-\u03baB pathway depending on the estrous cycle phase.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23137360","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,3]],"date-time":"2022-07-03T22:50:46Z","timestamp":1656888646000},"page":"7360","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Molecular Mechanism of Equine Endometrosis: The NF-\u03baB-Dependent Pathway Underlies the Ovarian Steroid Receptors\u2019 Dysfunction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2906-9944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomasz","family":"Jasi\u0144ski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4401-9016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Zdrojkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0622-6513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gra\u00e7a","family":"Ferreira-Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departmento de Morfologia e Fun\u00e7\u00e3o, CIISA\u2014Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria, Universidade de Lisboa, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ewa","family":"Kautz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5093-5320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edyta","family":"Juszczuk-Kubiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wac\u0142aw D\u0105browski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology\u2014State Research Institute, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9436-1074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Domino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Large Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2003.11.003","article-title":"Physiological and pathological expression of intermediate filaments in the equine endometrium","volume":"76","author":"Aupperle","year":"2004","journal-title":"Res. 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