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Kidney-bean pods were pyrolyzed by applying an experimental design that demonstrates that the specific surface area (SBET) of biochar is improved with increasing pyrolysis temperature combined with a short air-oxidation time. Meanwhile, the graphitization degree and the electrical conductivity (EC) of biochars were negatively affected by increasing the air-oxidation time. The biochar sample with the higher EC and the one with the higher SBET were selected to be functionalized with ZnO particles by a solvothermal methodology, obtaining composites with an EC and SBET properties superior to the ZnO-rGO composite, in addition to a similar antibacterial activity. The developed ZnO-biochar composite structures, which are more ecological and biocompatible than the ZnO composites derived from graphene sheets, can be applied as electrically conductive and active fillers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23148022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,21]],"date-time":"2022-07-21T10:36:56Z","timestamp":1658399816000},"page":"8022","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Electrically Conductive and Antimicrobial Agro-Food Waste Biochar Functionalized with Zinc Oxide Particles"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Z\u00e9lia","family":"Alves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, CICECO\u2014Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, CICECO\u2014Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4398-9256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuno M.","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, i3N, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Gon\u00e7alo","family":"Figueiredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5057-5660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00f3nia","family":"Mendo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7217-2790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cl\u00e1udia","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, CICECO\u2014Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6578-8164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, CICECO\u2014Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Speranza, G. 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