{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,3]],"date-time":"2026-01-03T21:05:45Z","timestamp":1767474345655,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,4]],"date-time":"2022-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia Tecnologia","award":["SFRH\/BD\/135868\/2018","UI\/BD\/151547\/2021","SFRH\/BD\/141671\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/135868\/2018","UI\/BD\/151547\/2021","SFRH\/BD\/141671\/2018"]}]},{"name":"i3S and FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia Tecnologia","award":["SFRH\/BD\/135868\/2018","UI\/BD\/151547\/2021","SFRH\/BD\/141671\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/135868\/2018","UI\/BD\/151547\/2021","SFRH\/BD\/141671\/2018"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia Tecnologia","award":["SFRH\/BD\/135868\/2018","UI\/BD\/151547\/2021","SFRH\/BD\/141671\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/135868\/2018","UI\/BD\/151547\/2021","SFRH\/BD\/141671\/2018"]}]},{"name":"Santa Casa da Miseric\u00f3rdia de Lisboa","award":["SFRH\/BD\/135868\/2018","UI\/BD\/151547\/2021","SFRH\/BD\/141671\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/135868\/2018","UI\/BD\/151547\/2021","SFRH\/BD\/141671\/2018"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Thoracic spinal cord injury (SCI) results in urinary dysfunction, which majorly affects the quality of life of SCI patients. Abnormal sprouting of lumbosacral bladder afferents plays a crucial role in this condition. Underlying mechanisms may include changes in expression of regulators of axonal growth, including chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans (CSPGs), myelin-associated inhibitors (MAIs) and repulsive guidance molecules, known to be upregulated at the injury site post SCI. Here, we confirmed lumbosacral upregulation of the growth-associated protein GAP43 in SCI animals with bladder dysfunction, indicating the occurrence of axonal sprouting. Neurocan and Phosphacan (CSPGs), as well as Nogo-A (MAI), at the same spinal segments were upregulated 7 days post injury (dpi) but returned to baseline values 28 dpi. In turn, qPCR analysis of the mRNA levels for receptors of those repulsive molecules in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons showed a time-dependent decrease in receptor expression. In vitro assays with DRG neurons from SCI rats demonstrated that exposure to high levels of NGF downregulated the expression of some, but not all, receptors for those regulators of axonal growth. The present results, therefore, show significant molecular changes at the lumbosacral cord and DRGs after thoracic lesion, likely critically involved in neuroplastic events leading to urinary impairment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23158667","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,4]],"date-time":"2022-08-04T21:52:48Z","timestamp":1659649968000},"page":"8667","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Development of Neurogenic Detrusor Overactivity after Thoracic Spinal Cord Injury Is Accompanied by Time-Dependent Changes in Lumbosacral Expression of Axonal Growth Regulators"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3311-7187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00edlvia Sousa","family":"Chambel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Biology Unit, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine of Porto, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Translational NeuroUrology, Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade-i3S, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Biology Unit, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine of Porto, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Translational NeuroUrology, Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade-i3S, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Raquel","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Biology Unit, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine of Porto, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Translational NeuroUrology, Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade-i3S, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Biology Unit, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine of Porto, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Pain Neurobiology, Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade-i3S, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0774-9263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Vale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament of Urology, Centro Hospitalar S. Jo\u00e3o, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Pharmacology and Therapeutics Unit, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine of Porto, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Reguenga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Biology Unit, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine of Porto, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Pain Neurobiology, Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade-i3S, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Martin E.","family":"Schwab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 27, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8922-5713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9lia Duarte","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Biology Unit, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine of Porto, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Translational NeuroUrology, Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade-i3S, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2013.11.020","article-title":"Extracellular matrix regulation of inflammation in the healthy and injured spinal cord","volume":"258","author":"Gaudet","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp. 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