{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T18:29:04Z","timestamp":1774376944797,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":104,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,29]],"date-time":"2022-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005401","name":"Italian Ministry of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Policies (MIPAAF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CUP J56J20000410008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CUP J56J20000410008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005401","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Light composition modulates plant growth and defenses, thus influencing plant\u2013pathogen interactions. We investigated the effects of different light-emitting diode (LED) red (R) (665 nm) and blue (B) (470 nm) light combinations on Actinidia chinensis performance by evaluating biometric parameters, chlorophyll a fluorescence, gas exchange and photosynthesis-related gene expression. Moreover, the influence of light on the infection by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa), the etiological agent of bacterial canker of kiwifruit, was investigated. Our study shows that 50%R\u201350%B (50R) and 25%R\u201375%B (25R) lead to the highest PSII efficiency and photosynthetic rate, but are the least effective in controlling the endophytic colonization of the host by Psa. Monochromatic red light severely reduced \u03a6PSII, ETR, Pn, TSS and photosynthesis-related genes expression, and both monochromatic lights lead to a reduction of DW and pigments content. Monochromatic blue light was the only treatment significantly reducing disease symptoms but did not reduce bacterial endophytic population. Our results suggest that monochromatic blue light reduces infection primarily by modulating Psa virulence more than host plant defenses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232113145","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,30]],"date-time":"2022-10-30T07:26:50Z","timestamp":1667114810000},"page":"13145","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Red and Blue Light Differently Influence Actinidia chinensis Performance and Its Interaction with Pseudomonas syringae pv. Actinidiae"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Cristiana","family":"Correia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, 40127 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"IB2Lab, LAQV-Requimte, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Magnani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, 40127 Bologna, Italy"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Pastore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, 40127 Bologna, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9022-239X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Cellini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, 40127 Bologna, Italy"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Donati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, 40127 Bologna, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9377-4811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppina","family":"Pennisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, 40127 Bologna, Italy"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Paucek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, 40127 Bologna, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6956-7054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Orsini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, 40127 Bologna, Italy"}]},{"given":"Elodie","family":"Vandelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4129-6381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Concei\u00e7\u00e3o","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IB2Lab, LAQV-Requimte, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3870-1227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Spinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, 40127 Bologna, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-arplant-043015-112252","article-title":"Light-mediated hormonal regulation of plant growth and development","volume":"67","author":"Galvao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Plant Biol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2018.11.002","article-title":"Direct regulation of phytohormone actions by photoreceptors","volume":"24","author":"Luo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1093\/plphys\/kiaa119","article-title":"Hormonal impact on photosynthesis and photoprotection in plants","volume":"185","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2015.10.004","article-title":"Multi-level light capture control in plants and green algae","volume":"21","author":"Wobbe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/s10265-016-0792-5","article-title":"Diverse photoreceptors and light responses in plants","volume":"129","author":"Kong","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Plant Res."},{"key":"ref_6","first-page":"114","article-title":"Plant photoreceptors: Multi-functional sensory proteins and their signaling networks","volume":"Volume 92","author":"Paik","year":"2019","journal-title":"Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology, August, 2019"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1007\/s00344-021-10337-y","article-title":"Light-Quality Manipulation to Control Plant Growth and Photomorphogenesis in Greenhouse Horticulture: The State of the Art and the Opportunities of Modern LED Systems","volume":"41","author":"Paradiso","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Plant Growth Regul."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2017.00917","article-title":"Long-term effects of red-and blue-light emitting diodes on leaf anatomy and photosynthetic efficiency of three ornamental pot plants","volume":"8","author":"Zheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.21273\/HORTSCI14109-19","article-title":"Application of light-emitting diodes and the effect of light quality on horticultural crops: A review","volume":"54","author":"Zheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"HortScience"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carotti, L., Potente, G., Pennisi, G., Ruiz, K.B., Biondi, S., Crepaldi, A., Orsini, F., Gianquinto, G., and Antognoni, F. (2021). Pulsed LED Light: Exploring the Balance between Energy Use and Nutraceutical Properties in Indoor-Grown Lettuce. Agronomy, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy11061106"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2503\/jjshs.72.1","article-title":"Role of ultraviolet radiation in accumulation of anthocyanin in berries of \u2018Gros Colman\u2019 grapes (Vitis vinifera L.)","volume":"72","author":"Kataoka","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Jpn. Soc. Hortic. Sci."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envexpbot.2009.06.011","article-title":"Effects of supplemental light quality on growth and phytochemicals of baby leaf lettuce","volume":"67","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pennisi, G., Sany\u00e9-Mengual, E., Orsini, F., Crepaldi, A., Nicola, S., Ochoa, J., Fernandez, J.A., and Gianquinto, G. (2019). Modelling environmental burdens of indoor-grown vegetables and herbs as affected by red and blue LED lighting. Sustainability, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/su11154063"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2020.109508","article-title":"Optimal light intensity for sustainable water and energy use in indoor cultivation of lettuce and basil under red and blue LEDs","volume":"272","author":"Pennisi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erj014","article-title":"Irradiance and phenotype: Comparative eco-development of sun and shade leaves in relation to photosynthetic CO2 diffusion","volume":"57","author":"Terashima","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.109.149351","article-title":"Dynamic acclimation of photosynthesis increases plant fitness in changing environments","volume":"152","author":"Athanasiou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2014.02.016","article-title":"Long-term and short-term responses of the photosynthetic electron transport to fluctuating light","volume":"137","author":"Kono","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. B Biol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2163","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.16.01767","article-title":"Importance of fluctuations in light on plant photosynthetic acclimation","volume":"173","author":"Matthews","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/err348","article-title":"Co-ordination of hydraulic and stomatal conductances across light qualities in cucumber leaves","volume":"63","author":"Savvides","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S2095-3119(15)61202-3","article-title":"Blue light is more essential than red light for maintaining the activities of photosystem II and I and photosynthetic electron transport capacity in cucumber leaves","volume":"15","author":"Miao","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Integr. Agric."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2721","DOI":"10.1007\/s11738-013-1304-z","article-title":"Effects of different light quality on growth, chlorophyll concentration and chlorophyll biosynthesis precursors of non-heading Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L.)","volume":"35","author":"Fan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Physiol. Plant."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1007\/s11258-013-0205-y","article-title":"Differential seed germination responses to the ratio of red to far-red light in temperate and tropical species","volume":"214","author":"Tiansawat","year":"2013","journal-title":"Plant Ecol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"OuYang, F., Ou, Y., Zhu, T., Ma, J., An, S., Zhao, J., Wang, J., Kong, L., Zhang, H., and Tigabu, M. (2021). Growth and Physiological Responses of Norway Spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst) Supplemented with Monochromatic Red, Blue and Far-Red Light. Forests, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/f12020164"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1747-0765.2006.00063.x","article-title":"Growth of rice plants under red light with or without supplemental blue light","volume":"52","author":"Matsuda","year":"2006","journal-title":"Soil Sci. Plant Nutr."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1747-0765.2007.00150.x","article-title":"Analysis of the relationship between blue-light photon flux density and the photosynthetic properties of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) leaves with regard to the acclimation of photosynthesis to growth irradiance","volume":"53","author":"Matsuda","year":"2007","journal-title":"Soil Sci. Plant Nutr."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3107","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erq132","article-title":"Blue light dose-responses of leaf photosynthesis, morphology, and chemical composition of Cucumis sativus grown under different combinations of red and blue light","volume":"61","author":"Hogewoning","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2019.00305","article-title":"Unraveling the role of red: Blue LED lights on resource use efficiency and nutritional properties of indoor grown sweet basil","volume":"10","author":"Pennisi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s10658-009-9577-1","article-title":"Light quality affects incidence of powdery mildew, expression of defenses-related genes and associated metabolism in cucumber plants","volume":"127","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Plant Pathol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/S2095-3119(16)61435-1","article-title":"Effects of different LED light wavelengths on the resistance of tomato against Botrytis cinerea and the corresponding physiological mechanisms","volume":"16","author":"Hui","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Integr. Agric."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.12289","article-title":"LOV-domain photoreceptor, encoded in a genomic island, attenuates the virulence of Pseudomonas syringae in light-exposed Arabidopsis leaves","volume":"76","author":"Moriconi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Plant J."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-313X.2005.02618.x","article-title":"Light-dependent hypersensitive response and resistance signaling against Turnip Crinkle Virus in Arabidopsis","volume":"45","author":"Gupte","year":"2006","journal-title":"Plant J."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1093\/mp\/ssp107","article-title":"CRYPTOCHROME 1 is implicated in promoting R protein-mediated plant resistance to Pseudomonas syringae in Arabidopsis","volume":"3","author":"Wu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol. Plant"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, Y.X., Wang, M.M., Yin, Y.L., Onac, E., Zhou, G.F., Peng, S., Xia, X.J., Shi, K., Yu, J.Q., and Zhou, Y.H. (2015). RNA-seq analysis reveals the role of red light in resistance against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 in tomato plants. BMC Genom., 16.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-015-1228-7"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cellini, A., Donati, I., Farneti, B., Khomenko, I., Buriani, G., Biasioli, F., Cristescu, S.M., and Spinelli, F. (2021). A Breach in Plant Defences: Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae Targets Ethylene Signalling to Overcome Actinidia chinensis Pathogen Responses. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22094375"},{"key":"ref_35","first-page":"10","article-title":"The effect of blue-light-emitting diodes on antioxidant properties and resistance to Botrytis cinerea in tomato","volume":"4","author":"Kim","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Plant Pathol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0434.1998.tb04609.x","article-title":"Light-induced resistance of broad bean against Botrytis cinerea","volume":"146","author":"Islam","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Phytopathol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2020","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-2920.2008.01618.x","article-title":"Light affects motility and infectivity of Agrobacterium tumefaciens","volume":"10","author":"Oberpichler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2011.05.002","article-title":"Light helps bacteria make important lifestyle decisions","volume":"19","author":"Gomelsky","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"2072","article-title":"Light regulates motility, attachment and virulence in the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000","volume":"16","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4261","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.14331","article-title":"Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato exploits light signals to optimize virulence and colonization of leaves","volume":"20","author":"Zamorano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2016.00512","article-title":"Light Suppresses Bacterial Population through the Accumulation of Hydrogen Peroxide in Tobacco Leaves Infected with Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci","volume":"7","author":"Cheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s00248-019-01459-8","article-title":"Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae: Ecology, infection dynamics and disease epidemiology","volume":"80","author":"Donati","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microb. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.13662","article-title":"Evolution of copper resistance in the kiwifruit pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae through acquisition of integrative conjugative elements and plasmids","volume":"19","author":"Colombi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.5423\/RPD.2020.26.1.44","article-title":"Streptomycin Resistant Isolates of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae in Korea","volume":"26","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Res. Plant Dis."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1093\/mp\/ssu049","article-title":"Growth-defense tradeoffs in plants: A balancing act to optimize fitness","volume":"7","author":"Huot","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Plant"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4019","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erm298","article-title":"Plant physiology meets phytopathology: Plant primary metabolism and plant\u2013pathogen interactions","volume":"58","author":"Berger","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1111\/ppl.12237","article-title":"Spatial and temporal dynamics of primary and secondary metabolism in Phaseolus vulgaris challenged by Pseudomonas syringae","volume":"153","author":"Pineda","year":"2015","journal-title":"Physiol. Plant."},{"key":"ref_48","first-page":"95","article-title":"A proteomic approach to investigate the Actinidia spp.\/Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae pathosystem. In I International Symposium on Bacterial Canker of Kiwifruit. Mt Maunganui, New Zealand, 19\u201322 November 2013","volume":"1095","author":"Petriccione","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Hortic."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Michelotti, V., Lamontanara, A., Buriani, G., Orr\u00f9, L., Cellini, A., Donati, I., Vanneste, J.L., Cattivelli, L., Tacconi, G., and Spinelli, F. (2018). Comparative transcriptome analysis of the interaction between Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis and Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae in absence and presence of acibenzolar-S-methyl. BMC Genom., 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-018-4967-4"},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"45","article-title":"Interspecific variation in relative growth rate: On ecological causes and physiological consequences","volume":"24","author":"Poorter","year":"1989","journal-title":"Causes Conseq. Var. Growth Rate Product. High. Plants"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108680","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2019.108680","article-title":"Blue light alleviates \u2018red light syndrome\u2019by regulating chloroplast ultrastructure, photosynthetic traits and nutrient accumulation in cucumber plants","volume":"257","author":"Miao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2018.10.023","article-title":"Spectral comparison of diffuse PAR irradiance under different tree and shrub shading conditions and in cloudy days","volume":"189","author":"Fita","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Photochem. Photobiol. B Biol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14127","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-50783-z","article-title":"Resource use efficiency of indoor lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) cultivation as affected by red: Blue ratio provided by LED lighting","volume":"9","author":"Pennisi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109995","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2021.109995","article-title":"Red\/blue light ratios induce morphology and physiology alterations differently in cucumber and tomato","volume":"281","author":"Liang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103898","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envexpbot.2019.103898","article-title":"Elongation growth mediated by blue light varies with light intensities and plant species: A comparison with red light in arugula and mustard seedlings","volume":"169","author":"Johnson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1882","DOI":"10.13031\/2013.30952","article-title":"Photosynthetic efficiency and phytochrome photoequilibria determination using spectral data","volume":"31","author":"Sager","year":"1988","journal-title":"Trans. ASAE"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Whitelam, G., and Halliday, K. (2007). Annual Plant Reviews, Light and Plant Development, Blackwell Publishing.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470988893"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pp.28.060177.002035","article-title":"Comparative photosynthesis of sun and shade plants","volume":"28","author":"Boardman","year":"1977","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.17660\/ActaHortic.2001.552.9","article-title":"Shade-Tolerant flowering plants: Adaptations and horticultural implications. In XX International Eucarpia Symposium, Section Ornamentals, Strategies for New Ornamentals-Part I. Melle, Belgium, 1 July 2001","volume":"552","author":"Middleton","year":"2001","journal-title":"ISHS Acta Hortic."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1093\/jexbot\/51.345.659","article-title":"Chlorophyll fluorescence-a practical guide","volume":"51","author":"Maxwell","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hou, H., Najafpour, M.M., Moore, G.F., and Allakhverdiev, S.I. (2017). Photosynthesis: Structures, Mechanisms and Applications, Springer International Publishing.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-48873-8"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1007\/s00344-021-10325-2","article-title":"An RNA-seq Analysis Reveals Differential Transcriptional Responses to Different Light Qualities in Leaf Color of Camellia sinensis cv. Huangjinya","volume":"41","author":"Tian","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Plant Growth Regul."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3972","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M707410200","article-title":"The PsbS protein controls the organization of the photosystem II antenna in higher plant thylakoid membranes","volume":"283","author":"Kiss","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1903","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.15.01935","article-title":"Nonphotochemical chlorophyll fluorescence quenching: Mechanism and effectiveness in protecting plants from photodamage","volume":"170","author":"Ruban","year":"2016","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/s11099-015-0083-8","article-title":"The importance of blue light for leaf area expansion, development of photosynthetic apparatus, and chloroplast ultrastructure of Cucumis sativus grown under weak light","volume":"53","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Photosynthetica"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.104.030049","article-title":"Phototropins promote plant growth in response to blue light in low light environments","volume":"17","author":"Takemiya","year":"2005","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.arplant.57.032905.105434","article-title":"Light regulation of stomatal movement","volume":"58","author":"Shimazaki","year":"2007","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Plant Biol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2546","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.109.069922","article-title":"Lights, rhythms, infection: The role of light and the circadian clock in determining the outcome of plant\u2013pathogen interactions","volume":"21","author":"Roden","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcf076","article-title":"Induced systemic resistance (ISR) against pathogens in the context of induced plant defences","volume":"89","author":"Heil","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann. Bot."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3054.2004.00433.x","article-title":"Complex regulation of gene expression, photosynthesis and sugar levels by pathogen infection in tomato","volume":"122","author":"Berger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Physiol. Plant."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3040.2005.01380.x","article-title":"Photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism in tobacco leaves during an incompatible interaction with Phytophthora nicotianae","volume":"28","author":"Scharte","year":"2005","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3040.2005.01472.x","article-title":"Metabolic consequences of susceptibility and resistance in barley leaves challenged with powdery mildew","volume":"29","author":"Swarbrick","year":"2006","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kopczewski, T., Ku\u017aniak, E., Korna\u015b, A., Rut, G., Nosek, M., Ciereszko, I., and Szczepaniak, L. (2020). Local and Systemic Changes in Photosynthetic Parameters and Antioxidant Activity in Cucumber Challenged with Pseudomonas syringae pv lachrymans. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21176378"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2021.06.049","article-title":"TMT-based quantitative proteomic analysis of the effects of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci (Pst) infection on photosynthetic function and the response of the MAPK signaling pathway in tobacco leaves","volume":"166","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plant Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_75","first-page":"271","article-title":"Blue LED (light-emitting diodes)-mediated growth promotion and control of Botrytis disease in lettuce","volume":"63","author":"Kook","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Agric. Scand. Sect. B Soil Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1007\/s10658-015-0725-5","article-title":"Inhibition of Botrytis cinerea and accumulation of stilbene compounds by light-emitting diodes of grapevine leaves and differential expression of defense-related genes","volume":"143","author":"Ahn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Plant Pathol."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1111\/jph.12408","article-title":"Effects of light quality on the interaction between Cucumber Mosaic Virus and Nicotiana tabacum","volume":"163","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Phytopathol."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2018.01482","article-title":"Influence of light on plant\u2013phyllosphere interaction","volume":"9","author":"Carvalho","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.14224","article-title":"Defence-related pathways, phytohormones and primary metabolism are key players in kiwifruit plant tolerance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae","volume":"45","author":"Carvalho","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.06.054","article-title":"Plant stomata function in innate immunity against bacterial invasion","volume":"126","author":"Melotto","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2337","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.105.063503","article-title":"Ethylene inhibits abscisic acid-induced stomatal closure in Arabidopsis","volume":"138","author":"Tanaka","year":"2005","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.201541691","article-title":"Xanthomonas campestris attenuates virulence by sensing light through a bacteriophytochrome photoreceptor","volume":"17","author":"Bonomi","year":"2016","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00334-13","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00334-13","article-title":"Light regulation of swarming motility in Pseudomonas syringae integrates signaling pathways mediated by a bacteriophytochrome and a LOV protein","volume":"4","author":"Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kraiselburd, I., Alet, A.I., Tondo, M.L., Petrocelli, S., Daurelio, L.D., Monzon, J., Ruiz, O.A., Losi, A., and Orellano, E.G. (2012). A LOV protein modulates the physiological attributes of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri relevant for host plant colonization. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0038226"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1111\/mpp.13001","article-title":"Blue-light perception by epiphytic Pseudomonas syringae drives chemoreceptor expression, enabling efficient plant infection","volume":"21","author":"Nebreda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Plant Pathol."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108202","article-title":"A bacteriophytochrome mediates Interplay between light sensing and the second messenger cyclic Di-GMP to control social behavior and virulence","volume":"32","author":"Verma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1094\/MPMI-09-20-0248-R","article-title":"Transcriptional profiling of three Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae biovars reveals different responses to apoplast-like conditions related to strain virulence on the host","volume":"34","author":"Vandelle","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2012.04.022","article-title":"Photo-selective hail nets affect fruit size and quality in Hayward kiwifruit","volume":"141","author":"Basile","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1111\/aab.12150","article-title":"Elicitors of the salicylic acid pathway reduce incidence of bacterial canker of kiwifruit caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidae","volume":"165","author":"Cellini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Appl. Biol."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3983","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/ert208","article-title":"Chlorophyll fluorescence analysis: A guide to good practice and understanding some new applications","volume":"64","author":"Murchie","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-4257(02)00010-X","article-title":"Relationships between leaf pigment content and spectral reflectance across a wide range of species, leaf structures and developmental stages","volume":"81","author":"Sims","year":"2002","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006188004189","article-title":"Rapid light curves: A new fluorescence method to assess the state of the photosynthetic apparatus","volume":"59","author":"White","year":"1999","journal-title":"Photosynth. Res."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/s11120-014-0024-6","article-title":"Frequently asked questions about in vivo chlorophyll fluorescence: Practical issues","volume":"122","author":"Kalaji","year":"2014","journal-title":"Photosynth. Res."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envexpbot.2017.05.008","article-title":"Photosynthetic performance and volatile organic compounds profile in Eucalyptus globulus after UVB radiation","volume":"140","author":"Machado","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jplph.2018.01.004","article-title":"UV-B radiation modulates physiology and lipophilic metabolite profile in Olea europaea","volume":"222","author":"Dias","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16961","DOI":"10.1038\/srep16961","article-title":"Reference gene selection for normalization of RT-qPCR gene expression data from Actinidia deliciosa leaves infected with Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae","volume":"5","author":"Petriccione","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(02)01423-4","article-title":"Assumption-free analysis of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) data","volume":"339","author":"Ramakers","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btg157","article-title":"Q-Gene: Processing quantitative real-time RT\u2013PCR data","volume":"19","author":"Simon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e36","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/30.9.e36","article-title":"Relative expression software tool (REST\u00a9) for group-wise comparison and statistical analysis of relative expression results in real-time PCR","volume":"30","author":"Pfaffl","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1111\/ppa.12082","article-title":"Real-time and qualitative PCR for detecting Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae isolates causing recent outbreaks of kiwifruit bacterial canker","volume":"63","author":"Gallelli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plant Pathol."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1007\/s11627-999-0025-x","article-title":"A convenient protocol for extraction and purification of DNA from Fragaria","volume":"35","author":"Mercado","year":"1999","journal-title":"Vitr. Cell. Dev. Biol. -Plant"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1007\/s10658-011-9844-9","article-title":"Real-time PCR mediated monitoring of Fusarium foetens in symptomatic and non-symptomatic hosts","volume":"131","author":"Huvenne","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Plant Pathol."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1094\/PHYTO-05-20-0184-A","article-title":"Draft genome resources sequences of six Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae strains isolated from Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa leaves in Portugal","volume":"111","author":"Ares","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phytopathol."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3209","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btr490","article-title":"RNA-Seq analysis in MeV","volume":"27","author":"Howe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/23\/21\/13145\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:05:31Z","timestamp":1760144731000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/23\/21\/13145"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,29]]},"references-count":104,"journal-issue":{"issue":"21","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms232113145"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms232113145","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,29]]}}}