{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,15]],"date-time":"2026-02-15T09:34:26Z","timestamp":1771148066413,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]],"date-time":"2022-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669680000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia (FCT)","award":["UID\/Multi\/04349\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/Multi\/04349\/2019"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia (FCT)","award":["PTDC\/MEDQUI\/29649\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/MEDQUI\/29649\/2017"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia (FCT)","award":["UIDB\/04565\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04565\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia (FCT)","award":["UIDP\/04565\/2020 (iBB\/IST)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04565\/2020 (iBB\/IST)"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia (FCT)","award":["LA\/P\/0140\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0140\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy-i4HB","award":["UID\/Multi\/04349\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/Multi\/04349\/2019"]}]},{"name":"Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy-i4HB","award":["PTDC\/MEDQUI\/29649\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/MEDQUI\/29649\/2017"]}]},{"name":"Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy-i4HB","award":["UIDB\/04565\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04565\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy-i4HB","award":["UIDP\/04565\/2020 (iBB\/IST)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04565\/2020 (iBB\/IST)"]}]},{"name":"Associate Laboratory Institute for Health and Bioeconomy-i4HB","award":["LA\/P\/0140\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0140\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is a re-emerging technique for selectively killing tumor cells. Briefly, the mechanism can be described as follows: after the uptake of boron into cells, the thermal neutrons trigger the fission of the boron atoms, releasing the \u03b1-particles and recoiling lithium particles and high-energy photons that damage the cells. We performed a detailed study of the reactor dosimetry, cellular dose assessment, and radiobiological effects induced by BNCT in glioblastoma (GBM) cells. At maximum reactor power, neutron fluence rates were \u03d50 = 6.6 \u00d7 107 cm\u22122 s\u22121 (thermal) and \u03b8 = 2.4 \u00d7 104 cm\u22122 s\u22121 with a photon dose rate of 150 mGy\u00b7h\u22121. These values agreed with simulations to within 85% (thermal neutrons), 78% (epithermal neutrons), and 95% (photons), thereby validating the MCNPX model. The GEANT4 simulations, based on a realistic cell model and measured boron concentrations, showed that &gt;95% of the dose in cells was due to the BNC reaction. Carboranylmethylbenzo[b]acridone (CMBA) is among the different proposed boron delivery agents that has shown promising properties due to its lower toxicity and important cellular uptake in U87 glioblastoma cells. In particular, the results obtained for CBMA reinforce radiobiological effects demonstrating that damage is mostly induced by the incorporated boron with negligible contribution from the culture medium and adjacent cells, evidencing extranuclear cell radiosensitivity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232314929","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]],"date-time":"2022-11-30T01:52:20Z","timestamp":1669773140000},"page":"14929","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Exploring the Physical and Biological Aspects of BNCT with a Carboranylmethylbenzo[b]acridone Compound in U87 Glioblastoma Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Ana","family":"Belchior","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Nuclear Sciences and Technologies, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Lisbon University, Nuclear and Technological Campus, Estrada Nacional 10, Km 139.7, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Nuclear Sciences and Technologies, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Lisbon University, Nuclear and Technological Campus, Estrada Nacional 10, Km 139.7, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Nuclear Sciences and Engineering, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Lisbon University, Estrada Nacional 10, Km 139.7, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4155-8441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maxime","family":"Lamotte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Nuclear Sciences and Technologies, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Lisbon University, Nuclear and Technological Campus, Estrada Nacional 10, Km 139.7, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Andreia Filipa Ferreira","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry QOPNA, Aveiro University, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Raquel S. G. R.","family":"Seixas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry QOPNA, Aveiro University, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2861-8286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Artur M. S.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry QOPNA, Aveiro University, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8440-5299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernanda","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Nuclear Sciences and Technologies, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Lisbon University, Nuclear and Technological Campus, Estrada Nacional 10, Km 139.7, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Nuclear Sciences and Engineering, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Lisbon University, Estrada Nacional 10, Km 139.7, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1842","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.280319","article-title":"Glioblastoma and other malignant gliomas: A clinical review","volume":"310","author":"Omuro","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21613","article-title":"Management of glioblastoma: State of the art and future directions","volume":"70","author":"Tan","year":"2020","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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