{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T19:01:40Z","timestamp":1778094100342,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,9]],"date-time":"2022-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670544000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["420381\/2018-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["420381\/2018-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/04292\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04292\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04292\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04292\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/Multi\/04046\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/Multi\/04046\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04046\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04046\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LA\/P\/0069\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0069\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FCT\/DRI\/CAPES 2019.00277.CBM"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FCT\/DRI\/CAPES 2019.00277.CBM"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa","award":["420381\/2018-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["420381\/2018-0"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa","award":["UIDP\/04292\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04292\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa","award":["UIDB\/04292\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04292\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa","award":["UIDP\/Multi\/04046\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/Multi\/04046\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa","award":["UIDB\/04046\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04046\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa","award":["LA\/P\/0069\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0069\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa","award":["FCT\/DRI\/CAPES 2019.00277.CBM"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FCT\/DRI\/CAPES 2019.00277.CBM"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["420381\/2018-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["420381\/2018-0"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UIDP\/04292\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04292\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UIDB\/04292\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04292\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UIDP\/Multi\/04046\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/Multi\/04046\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UIDB\/04046\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04046\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["LA\/P\/0069\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0069\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["FCT\/DRI\/CAPES 2019.00277.CBM"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FCT\/DRI\/CAPES 2019.00277.CBM"]}]},{"name":"MARE\u2014Marine and Environmental Sciences Center","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]},{"name":"MARE\u2014Marine and Environmental Sciences Center","award":["420381\/2018-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["420381\/2018-0"]}]},{"name":"MARE\u2014Marine and Environmental Sciences Center","award":["UIDP\/04292\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04292\/2020"]}]},{"name":"MARE\u2014Marine and Environmental Sciences Center","award":["UIDB\/04292\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04292\/2020"]}]},{"name":"MARE\u2014Marine and Environmental Sciences Center","award":["UIDP\/Multi\/04046\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/Multi\/04046\/2020"]}]},{"name":"MARE\u2014Marine and Environmental Sciences Center","award":["UIDB\/04046\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04046\/2020"]}]},{"name":"MARE\u2014Marine and Environmental Sciences Center","award":["LA\/P\/0069\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0069\/2020"]}]},{"name":"MARE\u2014Marine and Environmental Sciences Center","award":["FCT\/DRI\/CAPES 2019.00277.CBM"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FCT\/DRI\/CAPES 2019.00277.CBM"]}]},{"name":"BioISI\u2014BioSystems and Integrative Sciences Institute","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]},{"name":"BioISI\u2014BioSystems and Integrative Sciences Institute","award":["420381\/2018-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["420381\/2018-0"]}]},{"name":"BioISI\u2014BioSystems and Integrative Sciences Institute","award":["UIDP\/04292\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04292\/2020"]}]},{"name":"BioISI\u2014BioSystems and Integrative Sciences Institute","award":["UIDB\/04292\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04292\/2020"]}]},{"name":"BioISI\u2014BioSystems and Integrative Sciences Institute","award":["UIDP\/Multi\/04046\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/Multi\/04046\/2020"]}]},{"name":"BioISI\u2014BioSystems and Integrative Sciences Institute","award":["UIDB\/04046\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04046\/2020"]}]},{"name":"BioISI\u2014BioSystems and Integrative Sciences Institute","award":["LA\/P\/0069\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0069\/2020"]}]},{"name":"BioISI\u2014BioSystems and Integrative Sciences Institute","award":["FCT\/DRI\/CAPES 2019.00277.CBM"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FCT\/DRI\/CAPES 2019.00277.CBM"]}]},{"name":"Associate Laboratory ARNET","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]},{"name":"Associate Laboratory ARNET","award":["420381\/2018-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["420381\/2018-0"]}]},{"name":"Associate Laboratory ARNET","award":["UIDP\/04292\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04292\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Associate Laboratory ARNET","award":["UIDB\/04292\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04292\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Associate Laboratory ARNET","award":["UIDP\/Multi\/04046\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/Multi\/04046\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Associate Laboratory ARNET","award":["UIDB\/04046\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04046\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Associate Laboratory ARNET","award":["LA\/P\/0069\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0069\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Associate Laboratory ARNET","award":["FCT\/DRI\/CAPES 2019.00277.CBM"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FCT\/DRI\/CAPES 2019.00277.CBM"]}]},{"name":"FCT and CAPES","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]},{"name":"FCT and CAPES","award":["420381\/2018-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["420381\/2018-0"]}]},{"name":"FCT and CAPES","award":["UIDP\/04292\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04292\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT and CAPES","award":["UIDB\/04292\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04292\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT and CAPES","award":["UIDP\/Multi\/04046\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/Multi\/04046\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT and CAPES","award":["UIDB\/04046\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04046\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT and CAPES","award":["LA\/P\/0069\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0069\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT and CAPES","award":["FCT\/DRI\/CAPES 2019.00277.CBM"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FCT\/DRI\/CAPES 2019.00277.CBM"]}]},{"name":"Eberhard Karls Universit\u00e4t T\u00fcbingen","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}]},{"name":"Eberhard Karls Universit\u00e4t T\u00fcbingen","award":["420381\/2018-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["420381\/2018-0"]}]},{"name":"Eberhard Karls Universit\u00e4t T\u00fcbingen","award":["UIDP\/04292\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04292\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Eberhard Karls Universit\u00e4t T\u00fcbingen","award":["UIDB\/04292\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04292\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Eberhard Karls Universit\u00e4t T\u00fcbingen","award":["UIDP\/Multi\/04046\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/Multi\/04046\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Eberhard Karls Universit\u00e4t T\u00fcbingen","award":["UIDB\/04046\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04046\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Eberhard Karls Universit\u00e4t T\u00fcbingen","award":["LA\/P\/0069\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0069\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Eberhard Karls Universit\u00e4t T\u00fcbingen","award":["FCT\/DRI\/CAPES 2019.00277.CBM"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FCT\/DRI\/CAPES 2019.00277.CBM"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gastrointestinal diseases, such as peptic ulcers, are caused by a damage in the gastric mucosa provoked by several factors. This stomach injury is regulated by many inflammatory mediators and is commonly treated with proton-pump inhibitors, histamine H2 receptor blockers and antacids. However, various medicinal plants have demonstrated positive effects on gastric ulcer treatment, including plants of the Ceiba genus. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antiulcer and anti-inflammatory activities of the stem bark ethanolic extract of Ceiba speciosa (A. St.-Hil.) Ravenna. We performed a preliminary quantification of phenolic compounds by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD), followed by the prospection of other chemical groups through nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. A set of in vitro assays was used to evaluate the extract potential regarding its antioxidant activity (DPPH: 19.83 \u00b1 0.34 \u00b5g\/mL; TPC: 307.20 \u00b1 6.20 mg GAE\/g of extract), effects on cell viability and on the release of TNF-\u03b1 in whole human blood. Additionally, in vivo assays were performed to evaluate the leukocyte accumulation and total protein quantification in carrageenan-induced air pouch, as well as the antiulcerogenic effect of the extract on an ethanol-induced ulcer in rats. The extract contains flavonoids and phenolic compounds, as well as sugars and quinic acid derivatives exhibiting potent antioxidant activity and low toxicity. The extract reduced the release of TNF-\u03b1 in human blood and inhibited the activity of p38\u03b1 (1.66 \u00b5g\/mL), JAK3 (5.25 \u00b5g\/mL), and JNK3 (8.34 \u00b5g\/mL). Moreover, it reduced the leukocyte recruitment on the pouch exudate and the formation of edema, reverting the effects caused by carrageenan. The extract presented a significant prevention of ulcer formation and a higher reduction than the reference drug, Omeprazole. Therefore, C. speciosa extract has demonstrated relevant therapeutic potential for the treatment of gastric diseases, deserving the continuation of further studies to unveil the mechanisms of action of plant bioactive ingredients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232415634","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]],"date-time":"2022-12-12T01:42:27Z","timestamp":1670809347000},"page":"15634","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Antiulcerogenic Potential of the Ethanolic Extract of Ceiba speciosa (A. St.-Hil.) Ravenna Evaluated by In Vitro and In Vivo Studies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Juliana Andr\u00e9a","family":"D\u00f6rr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Biotechnology (PPGBiotec), University of Vale do Taquari-Univates, Av. Avelino Talini, 171, Lajeado 95914-014, RS, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Fernanda","family":"Majolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Medicine Sciences (PPGCM), University of Vale do Taquari-Univates, Av. Avelino Talini, 171, Lajeado 95914-014, RS, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00edsa","family":"Bortoluzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Biotechnology (PPGBiotec), University of Vale do Taquari-Univates, Av. Avelino Talini, 171, Lajeado 95914-014, RS, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Evelin Zen","family":"de Vargas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Biotechnology (PPGBiotec), University of Vale do Taquari-Univates, Av. Avelino Talini, 171, Lajeado 95914-014, RS, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1224-1699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MARE\u2014Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre\/ARNET\u2014Aquatic Research Network, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Manoela","family":"Pasini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Biotechnology (PPGBiotec), University of Vale do Taquari-Univates, Av. Avelino Talini, 171, Lajeado 95914-014, RS, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Stefani Natali","family":"Stoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Biotechnology (PPGBiotec), University of Vale do Taquari-Univates, Av. Avelino Talini, 171, Lajeado 95914-014, RS, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8283-2833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael Lopes","family":"da Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, RS, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Mariana Moreira","family":"Figueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Natural Products Laboratory, Vila Velha University, Vila Velha 29102-920, ES, Brazil"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1rcio","family":"Fronza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Natural Products Laboratory, Vila Velha University, Vila Velha 29102-920, ES, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8329-7839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Walter O.","family":"Beys-da-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, RS, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MARE\u2014Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre\/ARNET\u2014Aquatic Research Network, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1613-7023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena","family":"Gaspar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioISI\u2014Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rui P.","family":"Pedrosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MARE\u2014Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre\/ARNET\u2014Aquatic Research Network, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6952-1486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Laufer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Eberhard Karls Universit\u00e4t T\u00fcbingen, D 72076 Tuebingen, Germany"},{"name":"Tu\u00fcbingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery-T\u00dcCADD, Eberhard Karls Universit\u00e4t T\u00fcbingen, D 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"},{"name":"Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) \u2018Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies\u2019, Eberhard Karls Universit\u00e4t T\u00fcbingen, D 72076 T\u00fcbingen, Germany"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1rcia In\u00eas","family":"Goettert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Biotechnology (PPGBiotec), University of Vale do Taquari-Univates, Av. Avelino Talini, 171, Lajeado 95914-014, RS, Brazil"},{"name":"Graduate Program in Medicine Sciences (PPGCM), University of Vale do Taquari-Univates, Av. Avelino Talini, 171, Lajeado 95914-014, RS, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Eberhard Karls Universit\u00e4t T\u00fcbingen, D 72076 Tuebingen, Germany"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuna, L., Jakab, J., Smolic, R., Raguz-lucic, N., Vcev, A., and Smolic, M. (2019). Peptic Ulcer Disease: A Brief Review of Conventional Therapy and Herbal Treatment Options. J. Clin. Med., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8020179"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)32404-7","article-title":"Peptic ulcer disease","volume":"390","author":"Lanas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, Y., Park, H.J., Kim, H., Song, J., and Lee, D. (2019). Gastroprotective Effects of Paeonia Extract Mixture HT074 against Experimental Gastric Ulcers in Rats. Evid. Based Complement. Altern. Med., 2019.","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/3546258"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpgasthep0393","article-title":"Peptic ulcer disease today","volume":"3","author":"Yuan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Clin. Pract. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00004.2008","article-title":"Prostaglandins, NSAIDs, and Gastric Mucosal Protection: Why Doesn\u2019t the Stomach Digest Itself?","volume":"88","author":"Wallace","year":"2019","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, Y., Kim, S.C., Yu, T., Yi, Y., Rhee, M.H., Sung, G., Yoo, B.C., and Cho, J.Y. (2014). Functional Roles of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase in Macrophage-Mediated Inflammatory Responses. Mediat. Inflamm., 2014.","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/352371"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"1083","article-title":"The cardinal role of the phospholipase A 2\/cyclooxygenase-2\/prostaglandin E synthase \/ prostaglandin E2 (PCPP) axis in inflammostasis","volume":"60","author":"Mancini","year":"2011","journal-title":"Inflamm. Res. Off. J. Eur. Histamine Res. Soc."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.03.054","article-title":"Safranal, a constituent of sa ff ron, exerts gastro-protective e ff ects against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer","volume":"224","author":"Tamaddonfard","year":"2019","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"223","article-title":"Anti-ulcerogenic Activity of the Methanol Extract of Ceiba pentandra Stem Bark on Indomethacin and Ethanol-induced Ulcers in Rats","volume":"3","author":"Anosike","year":"2013","journal-title":"IJPS"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1021\/np200906s","article-title":"Natural Products As Sources of New Drugs over the 30 Years from 1981 to 2010","volume":"75","author":"Newman","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1515\/acph-2017-0037","article-title":"Gastroprotective effects of the isopropanol extract of Artemisia princeps and its gastroretentive floating tablets on gastric mucosal injury","volume":"67","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Pharm."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"270","article-title":"Plants and phytochemicals for peptic ulcer: An overview","volume":"3","author":"Sen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pharmacogn. Rev."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.9734\/EJMP\/2014\/6479","article-title":"Anti-ulcerogenic Effects and Anti-oxidative Properties of Ceiba pentandra Leaves on Alloxan-induced Diabetic Rats","volume":"4","author":"Anosike","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Plants"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"3441","article-title":"In vitro activities of Ceiba speciosa (A. St.-Hil) Ravenna aqueous stem bark extract","volume":"33","author":"Bitencourt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"240","article-title":"Phytochemical screening, flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of Ceiba pentandra","volume":"4","author":"Mohan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(02)00321-5","article-title":"Hypoglycemic properties of aqueous bark extract of Ceiba pentandra in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats","volume":"84","author":"Ladeji","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"4132","article-title":"Antiulcer activity of methanolic extract of Ceiba pentandra (Linn.) Gaertn. on rats","volume":"4","author":"Bhushan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"6826","article-title":"Antimicrobial, Anti-Inflammatory and Antipyretic Activity of Chorisia Speciosa Leaves. (Bombacaceae)","volume":"4","author":"Khan","year":"2015","journal-title":"IJBPAS"},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"649","article-title":"Phytochemical and biological study of Chorisia speciosa A. St. Hil. Cultivated in Egypt","volume":"7","author":"Nasr","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Pharmacogn. Phytochem."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"D\u00f6rr, J.A. (2021, July 21). Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o da Atividade Anti-Inflamat\u00f3ria e Antiulcerog\u00eanica de Extratos de Ceiba Speciosa (A. St-hill) Ravenna Em Modelos Experimentais In Vitro e In Vivo Avalia\u00e7\u00e3o da Atividade Anti-Inflamat\u00f3ria e Antiulcerog\u00eanica de Extratos de Ceiba Speciosa A.S. Available online: https:\/\/oasisbr.ibict.br\/vufind\/Search\/Results?lookfor=ceiba&type=AllFields&limit=20."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1590\/s2175-97902017000216098","article-title":"Preliminary in vitro assessment of the potential toxicity and antioxidant activity of Ceiba speciosa (A. St.-Hill) ravenna (paineira)","volume":"53","author":"Malheiros","year":"2017","journal-title":"Braz. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.3109\/13880209.2012.698286","article-title":"Bombacaceae: A Phytochemical Review","volume":"51","author":"Refaat","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharm. Biol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1565(199807\/08)9:4<177::AID-PCA404>3.0.CO;2-3","article-title":"Structure assignment of natural quinic acid derivatives using proton nuclear magnetic resonance techniques","volume":"9","author":"Pauli","year":"1998","journal-title":"Phytochem. Anal."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1002\/mrc.1260270607","article-title":"13C and 1H NMR investigations of quinic acid derivatives: Complete spectral assignment and elucidation of preferred conformations","volume":"27","author":"Contreras","year":"1989","journal-title":"Magn. Reson. Chem."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2007.01.064","article-title":"Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of selected Jordanian plant species","volume":"104","author":"Tawaha","year":"2007","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1007\/s13197-011-0389-x","article-title":"Antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging capacity of phenolic extracts from Helicteres isora L. and Ceiba pentandra L.","volume":"50","author":"Loganayaki","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shah, N.A., Khan, M.R., and Nigussie, D. (2017). Phytochemical investigation and nephroprotective potential of Sida cordata in rat. BMC Complement. Altern. Med., 17.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-017-1896-8"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haule, E.E., Moshi, M.J., Nondo, R.S.O., Mwangomo, D.T., and Mahunnah, R.L.A. (2012). A study of antimicrobial activity, acute toxicity and cytoprotective effect of a polyherbal extract in a rat ethanol-HCl gastric ulcer model. BMC Res Notes, 5.","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-5-546"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.3390\/medicines2030251","article-title":"Modes of Action of Herbal Medicines and Plant Secondary Metabolites","volume":"2","author":"Wink","year":"2015","journal-title":"Medicines"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2015.10.027","article-title":"The genus Sida L.\u2014A traditional medicine: Its ethnopharmacological, phytochemical and pharmacological data for commercial exploitation in herbal drugs industry","volume":"176","author":"Dinda","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yahfoufi, N., Alsadi, N., Jambi, M., and Matar, C. (2018). The immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory role of polyphenols. Nutrients, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10111618"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u010c\u00ed\u017e, M., Dvo\u0159\u00e1kov\u00e1, A., Sko\u010dkov\u00e1, V., and Kubala, L. (2020). The role of dietary phenolic compounds in epigenetic modulation involved in inflammatory processes. Antioxidants, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9080691"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Olas, B. (2020). Honey and its phenolic compounds as an effective natural medicine for cardiovascular diseases in humans. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12020283"},{"key":"ref_34","first-page":"162","article-title":"Comparative phytochemical and proximate analyses on Ceiba pentandra (L) and Bombax buonopozense (P) Beauv","volume":"2","author":"Chisom","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Pharmacogn. Phytochem."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(86)90368-6","article-title":"Rapid colorimetric assay for cell growth and survival: Modifications to the tetrazolium dye procedure giving improved sensitivity and reliability","volume":"89","author":"Denizot","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, Y.-S., Kim, E.-K., Nawarathna, W.P.A.S., Dong, X., Shin, W.-B., Park, J.-S., Moon, S.-H., and Park, P.-J. (2017). Immune-stimulatory effects of Althaea rosea flower extracts through the MAPK Signaling Pathway in RAW264.7 Cells. Molecules, 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22050679"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-011-9322-8","article-title":"A leaf methanolic extract of Wercklea insignis attenuates the lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response by blocking the NF-\u03baB signaling pathway in RAW 264.7 macrophages","volume":"35","author":"Park","year":"2012","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjp.2015.11.001","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory activity and acute toxicity studies of hydroalcoholic extract of Herissantia tiubae","volume":"26","author":"Lima","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Farmacogn."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1002\/mc.20103","article-title":"Hibiscus polyphenol-rich extract induces apoptosis in human gastric carcinoma cells via p53 phosphorylation and p38 MAPK\/FasL cascade pathway","volume":"43","author":"Lin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol. Carcinog."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.1007\/s10616-016-0002-2","article-title":"Evaluation of Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertner bark extracts for in vitro cytotoxicity on cancer cells and in vivo antitumor activity in solid and liquid tumor models","volume":"68","author":"Kumar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cytotechnology"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1072682","article-title":"Mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways mediated by ERK, JNK, and p38 protein kinases","volume":"298","author":"Johnson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"101","article-title":"Tyrosine kinase\u2014Role and significance in Cancer","volume":"1","author":"Paul","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He, L., Pei, H., Lan, T., Tang, M., Zhang, C., and Chen, L. (2017). Design and Synthesis of a Highly Selective JAK3 Inhibitor for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arch. Pharm., 350.","DOI":"10.1002\/ardp.201700194"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.14.200","article-title":"Role of the JNK signal transduction pathway in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"14","author":"Roy","year":"2008","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_45","first-page":"449","article-title":"Pro-inflammatory signaling by Jun-N-terminal kinase in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"17","author":"Mitsuyama","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2013.2490","article-title":"Kaempferol suppresses cell metastasis via inhibition of the ERK-p38-JNK and AP-1 signaling pathways in U-2 OS human osteosarcoma cells","volume":"30","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oncol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2013.1468","article-title":"Kaempferol inhibits IL-1\u03b2-induced proliferation of rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts and the production of COX-2, PGE2 and MMPs","volume":"32","author":"Yoon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2012.07.007","article-title":"Kaempferol regulates MAPKs and NF-\u03baB signaling pathways to attenuate LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, Y., Li, Y., Wang, K., Wang, Y., Yin, W., and Li, L. (2013). P38\/NF-\u03baB\/Snail Pathway Is Involved in Caffeic Acid-Induced Inhibition of Cancer Stem Cells-Like Properties and Migratory Capacity in Malignant Human Keratinocyte. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0058915"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2081","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2008.315","article-title":"Quercetin ameliorates metabolic syndrome and improves the inflammatory status in obese Zucker rats","volume":"16","author":"Rivera","year":"2008","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"ref_51","first-page":"d21","article-title":"Cytokines in acute and chronic inflammation","volume":"2","author":"Feghali","year":"1997","journal-title":"Front. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3834","article-title":"Regulation of tumour necrosis factor signalling: Live or let die","volume":"15","author":"Brenner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2237","DOI":"10.1159\/000430188","article-title":"Impact of p38 MAP kinase inhibitors on LPS-induced release of TNF-\u03b1 in whole blood and primary cells from different species","volume":"36","author":"Fehr","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4313","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-10-048215","article-title":"Macrophage glucocorticoid receptors regulate Toll-like receptor 4-mediated inflammatory responses by selective inhibition of p38 MAP kinase","volume":"109","author":"Bhattacharyya","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Juhn, S.K., Jung, M.-K., Hoffman, M.D., Drew, B.R., Preciado, D.A., Sausen, N.J., Jung, T.T.K., Kim, B.H., Park, S.-Y., and Lin, J. (2008). The Role of Inflammatory Mediators in the Pathogenesis of Otitis Media and Sequelae. Clin. Exp. Otorhinolaryngol., 1.","DOI":"10.3342\/ceo.2008.1.3.117"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2018.627-635","article-title":"The crucial roles of inflammatory mediators in inflammation: A review","volume":"11","author":"Abdulkhaleq","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet. World"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-016-0935-0","article-title":"Hyaluronidase decreases neutrophils infiltration to the inflammatory site","volume":"65","author":"Fronza","year":"2016","journal-title":"Inflamm. Res."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-101916","article-title":"In Vitro and in Vivo Anti-inflammatory Effects of Struthanthus vulgaris","volume":"83","author":"Marques","year":"2017","journal-title":"Planta Med."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(83)90303-4","article-title":"Rapid Colorimetric Assay for Cellular Growth and Survival: Application to Proliferation and Cytotoxicity Assays","volume":"65","author":"Mosmann","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Methods"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1051\/bmdcn\/2017070424","article-title":"The antioxidant activity and nitric oxide production of extracts obtained from the leaves of Chenopodium quinoa Willd","volume":"7","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"BioMedicine"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1097\/AIA.0b013e318034194e","article-title":"Cytokines, inflammation, and pain","volume":"45","author":"Zhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. Anesthesiol. Clin."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1016\/S1567-5769(01)00086-8","article-title":"Nitric oxide in immunity and inflammation","volume":"1","author":"Coleman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.5301\/jsrd.5000265","article-title":"Interleukin-6 as a multifunctional regulator: Inflammation, immune response, and fibrosis","volume":"2","author":"Choy","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Scleroderma Relat. Disord."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.10.021","article-title":"Quinic acid inhibits vascular inflammation in TNF-\u03b1-stimulated vascular smooth muscle cells","volume":"96","author":"Jang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_65","first-page":"221","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory and anti-neuropathic effects of a novel quinic acid derivative from Acanthus syriacus","volume":"9","author":"Raafat","year":"2019","journal-title":"Avicenna J. Phytomed."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.05.030","article-title":"Gastric Mucosal Defense and Cytoprotection: Bench to Bedside","volume":"135","author":"Laine","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X2002000500003","article-title":"Antioxidant properties of natural compounds used in popular medicine for gastric ulcers","volume":"35","author":"Repetto","year":"2002","journal-title":"Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res."},{"key":"ref_68","first-page":"23","article-title":"Evaluation of anti ulcer activity of ethanolic leaf extract of Ceiba pentandra in aspirin plus pylorus ligated wistar rats","volume":"3","author":"Rajeswari","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Res. Phytochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-016-2840-9","article-title":"Lymphocyte genotoxicity and protective effect of Calyptranthes tricona (Myrtaceae) against H2O2-induced cell death in MCF-7 cells","volume":"424","author":"Kich","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.5344\/ajev.1965.16.3.144","article-title":"Colorimetry of Total Phenolics with Phosphomolybdic-Phosphotungstic Acid Reagents","volume":"16","author":"Singleton","year":"1965","journal-title":"Am. J. Enol. Vitic"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-3073-9_10","article-title":"From Enzyme to Whole Blood: Sequential Screening Procedure for Identification and Evaluation of p38 MAPK Inhibitors","volume":"Volume 1360","author":"Bauer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Kinase Screening and Profiling: Methods and Protocols, Methods in Molecular Biology"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2011.01.014","article-title":"A direct ELISA assay for quantitative determination of the inhibitory potency of small molecules inhibitors for JNK3","volume":"55","author":"Goettert","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2012.03.008","article-title":"Development of a p38\u03b4 mitogen activated protein kinase ELISA assay for the quantitative determination of inhibitor activity","volume":"66","author":"Goettert","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(76)90527-3","article-title":"A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding","volume":"72","author":"Bradford","year":"1976","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/23\/24\/15634\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:37:20Z","timestamp":1760146640000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/23\/24\/15634"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,9]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"24","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms232415634"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms232415634","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,9]]}}}