{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T11:32:06Z","timestamp":1768822326928,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]],"date-time":"2023-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006595","name":"Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ERANET-MANUNET-III-MINaFBioS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ERANET-MANUNET-III-MINaFBioS"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006595","name":"Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NANOBIOSURF-SMIS 103528"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NANOBIOSURF-SMIS 103528"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005802","name":"Romanian Ministry of Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ERANET-MANUNET-III-MINaFBioS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ERANET-MANUNET-III-MINaFBioS"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005802","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005802","name":"Romanian Ministry of Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NANOBIOSURF-SMIS 103528"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NANOBIOSURF-SMIS 103528"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005802","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Due to the great significance of amino acids, a substantial number of research studies has been directed toward the development of effective and reliable platforms for their evaluation, detection, and identification. In order to support these studies, a new electrochemical platform based on PANI\/ZnO nanowires\u2019 modified carbon inks screen-printed electrodes was developed for qualitative analysis of electroactive amino acids, with emphasis on tyrosine (Tyr) and tryptophan (Trp). A comparative investigation of the carbon ink before and after modification with the PANI\/ZnO was performed by scanning electron microscopy and by Raman spectroscopy, confirming the presence of PANI and ZnO nanowires. Electrochemical investigations by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy have shown a higher charge-transfer rate constant, which is reflected into lower charge-transfer resistance and higher capacitance values for the PANI\/ZnO modified ink when compared to the simple carbon screen-printed electrode. In order to demonstrate the electrochemical performances of the PANI\/ZnO nanowires\u2019 modified carbon inks screen-printed electrodes for amino acids analysis, differential pulse voltammograms were obtained in individual and mixed solutions of electroactive amino acids. It has been shown that the PANI\/ZnO nanowires\u2019 modified carbon inks screen-printed electrodes allowed for tyrosine and tryptophan a peak separation of more than 100 mV, enabling their screening and identification in mixed solutions, which is essential for the electrochemical analysis of proteins within the proteomics research field.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24021129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,9]],"date-time":"2023-01-09T01:36:17Z","timestamp":1673228177000},"page":"1129","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Carbon Inks-Based Screen-Printed Electrodes for Qualitative Analysis of Amino Acids"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1848-6753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teodor Adrian","family":"Enache","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Functional Nanostructures, National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor 405A, 077125 Magurele, Romania"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4476-5545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monica","family":"Enculescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Functional Nanostructures, National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor 405A, 077125 Magurele, Romania"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8014-528X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mihaela-Cristina","family":"Bunea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Functional Nanostructures, National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor 405A, 077125 Magurele, Romania"}]},{"given":"Estibaliz Armendariz","family":"Zubillaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NAITEC, C\/Tajonar 20, 31006 Pamplona, Spain"}]},{"given":"Edurne","family":"Tellechea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NAITEC, C\/Tajonar 20, 31006 Pamplona, Spain"}]},{"given":"Maite","family":"Aresti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NAITEC, C\/Tajonar 20, 31006 Pamplona, Spain"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Lasheras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NAITEC, C\/Tajonar 20, 31006 Pamplona, Spain"}]},{"given":"Aaron C.","family":"Asensio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mateprincs S.L., Centro Stirling, Carretera de Tafalla 10, 31132 Villatuerta, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0719-8016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor C.","family":"Diculescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Functional Nanostructures, National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor 405A, 077125 Magurele, Romania"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-4622(80)80048-2","article-title":"Electrochemical Behaviour of Proteins at Graphite Electrodes: II. 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