{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T21:56:29Z","timestamp":1773093389571,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]],"date-time":"2023-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674604800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ETEP Research group"},{"name":"Dentaid Extraordinary Chair in Periodontal Research (C\u00e1tedra Extraordinaria Dentaid en Investigaci\u00f3n Periodontal, University Complutense of Madrid, Spain)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In search for natural products with antimicrobial properties for use in the prevention and treatment of peri-implantitis, the purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of curcumin and xanthohumol, using an in vitro multi-species dynamic biofilm model including Streptococcus oralis, Actinomyces naeslundii, Veillonella parvula, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. The antimicrobial activities of curcumin (5 mM) and xanthohumol (100 \u03bcM) extracts, and the respective controls, were evaluated with 72-h biofilms formed over dental implants by their submersion for 60 seconds. The evaluation was assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). For the data analysis, comparisons were tested applying ANOVA tests with post-hoc Bonferroni corrections to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of both extracts. With qPCR, statistically significant reductions in bacterial counts were observed for curcumin and xanthohumol, when compared to the negative control. The results with CLSM and SEM were consistent with those reported with qPCR. It was concluded that both curcumin and xanthohumol have demonstrated antimicrobial activity against the six bacterial species included in the dynamic in vitro biofilm model used.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24032335","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]],"date-time":"2023-01-25T03:53:18Z","timestamp":1674618798000},"page":"2335","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["The Antimicrobial Activity of Curcumin and Xanthohumol on Bacterial Biofilms Developed over Dental Implant Surfaces"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4184-8054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Alonso-Espa\u00f1ol","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases) Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4050-5842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrique","family":"Bravo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases) Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1865-127X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Honorato","family":"Ribeiro-Vidal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases) Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3376-5232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leire","family":"Virto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases) Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Optics, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5554-2777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Herrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases) Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"given":"Bettina","family":"Alonso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases) Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6293-5755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariano","family":"Sanz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ETEP (Etiology and Therapy of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases) Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S286","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12957","article-title":"Peri-implant diseases and conditions: Consensus report of workgroup 4 of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions","volume":"45","author":"Berglundh","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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