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As C2-physiology is an adaptation to drier environments, a study of physiology, biochemistry and transcriptomics was conducted to investigate whether plants with C2-physiology are more tolerant of low water availability and recover better from drought. Our data on Moricandia moricandioides (Mmo, C3), M. arvensis (Mav, C2) and M. suffruticosa (Msu, C2) show that C3 and C2-type Moricandias are metabolically distinct under all conditions tested (well-watered, severe drought, early drought recovery). Photosynthetic activity was found to be largely dependent upon the stomatal opening. The C2-type M. arvensis was able to secure 25\u201350% of photosynthesis under severe drought as compared to the C3-type M. moricandioides. Nevertheless, the C2-physiology does not seem to play a central role in M. arvensis drought responses and drought recovery. Instead, our biochemical data indicated metabolic differences in carbon and redox-related metabolism under the examined conditions. The cell wall dynamics and glucosinolate metabolism regulations were found to be major discriminators between M. arvensis and M. moricandioides at the transcription level.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24044094","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,20]],"date-time":"2023-02-20T04:28:57Z","timestamp":1676867337000},"page":"4094","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Metabolic Background, Not Photosynthetic Physiology, Determines Drought and Drought Recovery Responses in C3 and C2 Moricandias"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7799-0183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Pinheiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UCIBIO Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Life Sciences, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1264-8002","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Emiliani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IPSP), Via Madonna del Piano 10 Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Firenze, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4759-9033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Marino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IPSP), Via Madonna del Piano 10 Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Firenze, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9884-9947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana S.","family":"Fortunato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Tecnologia Qu\u00edmica e Biol\u00f3gica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da Rep\u00fablica-EAN, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3225-6620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew","family":"Haworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IPSP), Via Madonna del Piano 10 Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Firenze, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8969-7945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"De Carlo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of BioEconomy\u2013National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IBE), Via Madonna del Piano 10 Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Firenze, Italy"}]},{"given":"Maria Manuela","family":"Chaves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Tecnologia Qu\u00edmica e Biol\u00f3gica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da Rep\u00fablica-EAN, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9171-2681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Loreto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3739-1397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mauro","family":"Centritto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IPSP), Via Madonna del Piano 10 Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Firenze, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152070","DOI":"10.1016\/j.flora.2022.152070","article-title":"Mediterranean Woody Agroecosystems in a Warming and Drier Climate: The Importance of Knowledge-Based Management","volume":"291","author":"Pinheiro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Flora"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2019.01125","article-title":"Opportunities and Limitations of Crop Phenotyping in Southern European Countries","volume":"10","author":"Costa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. 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