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Call","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021.02251.CEECIND\/CP1663\/CT0016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021.02251.CEECIND\/CP1663\/CT0016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida (Phdp) is a Gram-negative fish pathogen with worldwide distribution and broad host specificity that causes heavy economic losses in aquaculture. Although Phdp was first identified more than 50 years ago, its pathogenicity mechanisms are not completely understood. In this work, we report that Phdp secretes large amounts of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) when cultured in vitro and during in vivo infection. These OMVs were morphologically characterized and the most abundant vesicle-associated proteins were identified. We also demonstrate that Phdp OMVs protect Phdp cells from the bactericidal activity of fish antimicrobial peptides, suggesting that secretion of OMVs is part of the strategy used by Phdp to evade host defense mechanisms. Importantly, the vaccination of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) with adjuvant-free crude OMVs induced the production of anti-Phdp antibodies and resulted in partial protection against Phdp infection. These findings reveal new aspects of Phdp biology and may provide a basis for developing new vaccines against this pathogen.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24065138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,8]],"date-time":"2023-03-08T02:30:23Z","timestamp":1678242623000},"page":"5138","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Characterization and Vaccine Potential of Outer Membrane Vesicles from Photobacterium\u00a0damselae subsp. piscicida"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7679-0529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fish Immunology and Vaccinology, i3S\u2014Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4310-4737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Loureiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fish Immunology and Vaccinology, i3S\u2014Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7329-8993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johnny","family":"Lisboa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fish Immunology and Vaccinology, i3S\u2014Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2470-0795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro N.","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EPIUnit, ICBAS-Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jorge E.","family":"Azevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Organelle Biogenesis and Function, i3S\u2014Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"ICBAS-Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5960-0647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuno M. S.","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fish Immunology and Vaccinology, i3S\u2014Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4044-6328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"do Vale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fish Immunology and Vaccinology, i3S\u2014Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Inova\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793817","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/793817","article-title":"Photobacteriosis: Prevention and diagnosis","volume":"2014","author":"Andreoni","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. 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