{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T22:34:03Z","timestamp":1776810843455,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":123,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]],"date-time":"2023-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688342400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks as the third most prevalent cancer worldwide. Early detection of this neoplasia has proven to improve prognosis, resulting in a 90% increase in survival. However, available CRC screening methods have limitations, requiring the development of new tools. MicroRNA biomarkers have emerged as a powerful screening tool, as they are highly expressed in CRC patients and easily detectable in several biological samples. While microRNAs are extensively studied in blood samples, recent interest has now arisen in other samples, such as stool samples, where they can be combined with existing screening methods. Among the microRNAs described in the literature, microRNA-21-5p and microRNA-92a-3p and their cluster have demonstrated high potential for early CRC screening. Furthermore, the combination of multiple microRNAs has shown improved performance in CRC detection compared to individual microRNAs. This review aims to assess the available data in the literature on microRNAs as promising biomarkers for early CRC screening, explore their advantages and disadvantages, and discuss the optimal study characteristics for analyzing these biomarkers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241311023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,4]],"date-time":"2023-07-04T01:32:18Z","timestamp":1688434338000},"page":"11023","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["MicroRNA Biomarkers as Promising Tools for Early Colorectal Cancer Screening\u2014A Comprehensive Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1081-5142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela A. R.","family":"Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Cristiana","family":"Gaiteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5020-5942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marlene","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 400, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Sa\u00fade e Ambiente (CISA), Escola Superior de Sa\u00fade, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico do Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Molecular Oncology & Viral Pathology, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPO), Portuguese Institute of Oncology, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"L\u00facio","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology, Portuguese Institute of Oncology (IPO-Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1rio","family":"Dinis-Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Precancerous Lesions and Early Cancer Management Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), Rise@CI-IPOP (Health Research Group), Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","article-title":"Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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