{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T02:52:18Z","timestamp":1774579938379,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]],"date-time":"2023-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690934400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","award":["PID2019-104867RB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2019-104867RB-I00"]}]},{"name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","award":["PID2020-117939RB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2020-117939RB-I00"]}]},{"name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","award":["PID\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"]}]},{"name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","award":["CIBERES\/CB06\/06\/1084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIBERES\/CB06\/06\/1084"]}]},{"name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","award":["CIBERONC\/CB16\/12\/00273"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIBERONC\/CB16\/12\/00273"]}]},{"name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","award":["CT63\/19-CT64\/19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CT63\/19-CT64\/19"]}]},{"name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","award":["847635"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["847635"]}]},{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III\u2014Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional","award":["PID2019-104867RB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2019-104867RB-I00"]}]},{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III\u2014Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional","award":["PID2020-117939RB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2020-117939RB-I00"]}]},{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III\u2014Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional","award":["PID\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"]}]},{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III\u2014Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional","award":["CIBERES\/CB06\/06\/1084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIBERES\/CB06\/06\/1084"]}]},{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III\u2014Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional","award":["CIBERONC\/CB16\/12\/00273"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIBERONC\/CB16\/12\/00273"]}]},{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III\u2014Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional","award":["CT63\/19-CT64\/19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CT63\/19-CT64\/19"]}]},{"name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III\u2014Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional","award":["847635"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["847635"]}]},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n contra la hipertensi\u00f3n pulmonar","award":["PID2019-104867RB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2019-104867RB-I00"]}]},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n contra la hipertensi\u00f3n pulmonar","award":["PID2020-117939RB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2020-117939RB-I00"]}]},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n contra la hipertensi\u00f3n pulmonar","award":["PID\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"]}]},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n contra la hipertensi\u00f3n pulmonar","award":["CIBERES\/CB06\/06\/1084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIBERES\/CB06\/06\/1084"]}]},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n contra la hipertensi\u00f3n pulmonar","award":["CIBERONC\/CB16\/12\/00273"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIBERONC\/CB16\/12\/00273"]}]},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n contra la hipertensi\u00f3n pulmonar","award":["CT63\/19-CT64\/19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CT63\/19-CT64\/19"]}]},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n contra la hipertensi\u00f3n pulmonar","award":["847635"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["847635"]}]},{"name":"Universidad Complutense\/Banco Santander","award":["PID2019-104867RB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2019-104867RB-I00"]}]},{"name":"Universidad Complutense\/Banco Santander","award":["PID2020-117939RB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2020-117939RB-I00"]}]},{"name":"Universidad Complutense\/Banco Santander","award":["PID\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"]}]},{"name":"Universidad Complutense\/Banco Santander","award":["CIBERES\/CB06\/06\/1084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIBERES\/CB06\/06\/1084"]}]},{"name":"Universidad Complutense\/Banco Santander","award":["CIBERONC\/CB16\/12\/00273"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIBERONC\/CB16\/12\/00273"]}]},{"name":"Universidad Complutense\/Banco Santander","award":["CT63\/19-CT64\/19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CT63\/19-CT64\/19"]}]},{"name":"Universidad Complutense\/Banco Santander","award":["847635"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["847635"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme","award":["PID2019-104867RB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2019-104867RB-I00"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme","award":["PID2020-117939RB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2020-117939RB-I00"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme","award":["PID\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme","award":["CIBERES\/CB06\/06\/1084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIBERES\/CB06\/06\/1084"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme","award":["CIBERONC\/CB16\/12\/00273"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIBERONC\/CB16\/12\/00273"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme","award":["CT63\/19-CT64\/19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CT63\/19-CT64\/19"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme","award":["847635"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["847635"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Recent evidence suggests that vitamin D is involved in the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The aim of this study was to analyze the electrophysiological and contractile properties of pulmonary arteries (PAs) in vitamin D receptor knockout mice (Vdr\u2212\/\u2212). PAs were dissected and mounted in a wire myograph. Potassium membrane currents were recorded in freshly isolated PA smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) using the conventional whole-cell configuration of the patch-clamp technique. Potential vitamin D response elements (VDREs) in Kv7 channels coding genes were studied, and their protein expression was analyzed. Vdr\u2212\/\u2212 mice did not show a pulmonary hypertensive phenotype, as neither right ventricular hypertrophy nor endothelial dysfunction was apparent. However, resistance PA from these mice exhibited increased response to retigabine, a Kv7 activator, compared to controls and heterozygous mice. Furthermore, the current sensitive to XE991, a Kv7 inhibitor, was also higher in PASMCs from knockout mice. A possible VDRE was found in the gene coding for KCNE4, the regulatory subunit of Kv7.4. Accordingly, Vdr\u2212\/\u2212 mice showed an increased expression of KCNE4 in the lungs, with no changes in Kv7.1 and Kv7.4. These results indicate that the absence of Vdr in mice, as occurred with vitamin D deficient rats, is not sufficient to induce PAH. However, the contribution of Kv7 channel currents to the regulation of PA tone is increased in Vdr\u2212\/\u2212 mice, resembling animals and humans suffering from PAH.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241512350","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]],"date-time":"2023-08-02T11:04:38Z","timestamp":1690974278000},"page":"12350","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Vitamin D Receptor Deficiency Upregulates Pulmonary Artery Kv7 Channel Activity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9563-8191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel A.","family":"Olivencia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n (IiSGM), 28009 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Villegas-Esguevillas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n (IiSGM), 28009 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Sancho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n (IiSGM), 28009 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0338-8456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bianca","family":"Barreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n (IiSGM), 28009 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Paternoster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n (IiSGM), 28009 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2203-436X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Ad\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n (IiSGM), 28009 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9035-7414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Jes\u00fas","family":"Larriba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaciones Biom\u00e9dicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Ciber C\u00e1ncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1382-1698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angel","family":"Cogolludo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n (IiSGM), 28009 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6309-7418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Perez-Vizcaino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n (IiSGM), 28009 Madrid, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1801913","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01913-2018","article-title":"Haemodynamic definitions and updated clinical classification of pulmonary hypertension","volume":"53","author":"Simonneau","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccl.2016.04.001","article-title":"World Health Organization Group I Pulmonary Hypertension: Epidemiology and Pathophysiology","volume":"34","author":"Prins","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cardiol. Clin."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.020951","article-title":"Potassium Channel Subfamily K Member 3 (KCNK3) Contributes to the Development of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension","volume":"133","author":"Antigny","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000099883.68414.61","article-title":"Two-pore domain K channel, TASK-1, in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells","volume":"93","author":"Gurney","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvy016","article-title":"Loss of KCNK3 is a hallmark of RV hypertrophy\/dysfunction associated with pulmonary hypertension","volume":"114","author":"Lambert","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2347","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119774","article-title":"Hypoxia inhibits gene expression of voltage-gated K+ channel alpha subunits in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells","volume":"100","author":"Wang","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)78495-6","article-title":"Attenuated K+ channel gene transcription in primary pulmonary hypertension","volume":"351","author":"Yuan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"L621","article-title":"Molecular basis and function of voltage-gated K+ channels in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells","volume":"274","author":"Yuan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.00634","article-title":"Kv7 Channels in Lung Diseases","volume":"11","author":"Cogolludo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pharmtox-010617-052912","article-title":"KCNQ-Encoded Potassium Channels as Therapeutic Targets","volume":"58","author":"Barrese","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.108.049825","article-title":"Cardiovascular KCNQ (Kv7) potassium channels: Physiological regulators and new targets for therapeutic intervention","volume":"74","author":"Mackie","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-7258(01)00116-4","article-title":"KCNQ potassium channels: Physiology, pathophysiology, and pharmacology","volume":"90","author":"Robbins","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13920","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.13920","article-title":"Impaired Kv7 channel function in cerebral arteries of a tauopathy mouse model (rTg4510)","volume":"6","author":"Jepps","year":"2018","journal-title":"Physiol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.15221","article-title":"Uncovered Contribution of Kv7 Channels to Pulmonary Vascular Tone in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension","volume":"76","author":"Barreira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1159\/000095158","article-title":"Functional coassembly of KCNQ4 with KCNE-beta- subunits in Xenopus oocytes","volume":"18","author":"Seebohm","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5325","DOI":"10.1113\/JP271286","article-title":"Fundamental role for the KCNE4 ancillary subunit in Kv7.4 regulation of arterial tone","volume":"593","author":"Jepps","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13968","article-title":"Global prevalence and disease burden of vitamin D deficiency: A roadmap for action in low- and middle-income countries","volume":"1430","author":"Roth","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-019-0312-5","article-title":"New aspects of vitamin D metabolism and action\u2014Addressing the skin as source and target","volume":"16","author":"Bikle","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00014.2015","article-title":"Vitamin D: Metabolism, Molecular Mechanism of Action, and Pleiotropic Effects","volume":"96","author":"Christakos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"g3656","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g3656","article-title":"Vitamin D and mortality: Meta-analysis of individual participant data from a large consortium of cohort studies from Europe and the United States","volume":"348","author":"Schottker","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Callejo, M., Mondejar-Parre\u00f1o, G., Esquivel-Ruiz, S., Olivencia, M.A., Moreno, L., Blanco, I., Escribano-Subias, P., Cogolludo, A., Barbera, J.A., and Perez-Vizcaino, F. (2020). Total, Bioavailable, and Free Vitamin D Levels and Their Prognostic Value in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. J. Clin. Med., 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9020448"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tanaka, H., Kataoka, M., Isobe, S., Yamamoto, T., Shirakawa, K., Endo, J., Satoh, T., Hakamata, Y., Kobayashi, E., and Sano, M. (2017). Therapeutic impact of dietary vitamin D supplementation for preventing right ventricular remodeling and improving survival in pulmonary hypertension. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0180615"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L627","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00475.2019","article-title":"Vitamin D deficiency downregulates TASK-1 channels and induces pulmonary vascular dysfunction","volume":"319","author":"Callejo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/21688370.2018.1540904","article-title":"Vitamin D Receptor Deletion Leads to the Destruction of Tight and Adherens Junctions in Lungs","volume":"6","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Tissue Barriers"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2021.10040","article-title":"Crosstalk between vitamin D axis, inflammation and host immunity mechanisms: A prospective study","volume":"21","author":"Meca","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roth, M., Sun, Q., and Tamm, M. (2021). Up-Regulated Vitamin D Receptor by Pelargonium sidoides Extract EPs((R)) 7630 Contributes to Rhinovirus Defense in Bronchial Epithelial Cells. Pharmaceuticals, 14.","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-154361\/v1"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1900229","article-title":"Low Vitamin D Status Is Associated with Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease","volume":"203","author":"Fei","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2019.01.003","article-title":"Vitamin D prevents experimental lung fibrosis and predicts survival in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis","volume":"55","author":"Tzilas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pulm. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"Callejo, M. (2021). Vitamin D in Pulmonary Hypertension. [Doctoral Thesis, Universidad Complutense de Madrid]."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4391","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.139.10.6262","article-title":"Normalization of mineral ion homeostasis by dietary means prevents hyperparathyroidism, rickets, and osteomalacia, but not alopecia in vitamin D receptor-ablated mice","volume":"139","author":"Li","year":"1998","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-310977","article-title":"Vitamin D receptor expression and associated gene signature in tumour stromal fibroblasts predict clinical outcome in colorectal cancer","volume":"66","author":"Barbachano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9831","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.18.9831","article-title":"Targeted ablation of the vitamin D receptor: An animal model of vitamin D-dependent rickets type II with alopecia","volume":"94","author":"Li","year":"1997","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L977","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00362.2011","article-title":"A brief overview of mouse models of pulmonary arterial hypertension: Problems and prospects","volume":"302","author":"Saleem","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2131","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.14662","article-title":"Activation of K(v) 7 channels as a novel mechanism for NO\/cGMP-induced pulmonary vasodilation","volume":"176","author":"Barreira","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2022.109246","article-title":"Differential effect of basal vitamin D status in monocrotaline induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in normal and vitamin D deficient rats: Possible involvement of eNOS\/TGF-beta\/alpha-SMA signaling pathways","volume":"113","author":"Shah","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.107835","article-title":"Potassium (K(+)) channels in the pulmonary vasculature: Implications in pulmonary hypertension Physiological, pathophysiological and pharmacological regulation","volume":"225","author":"Cogolludo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15829","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-95196-z","article-title":"Transcriptomic profile of cationic channels in human pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"11","author":"Cogolludo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3231","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2011.206748","article-title":"Contractile and electrophysiological properties of pulmonary artery smooth muscle are not altered in TASK-1 knockout mice","volume":"589","author":"Manoury","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2685","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2005-0106","article-title":"Large-scale in silico and microarray-based identification of direct 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 target genes","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morales-Cano, D., Menendez, C., Moreno, E., Moral-Sanz, J., Barreira, B., Galindo, P., Pandolfi, R., Jimenez, R., Moreno, L., and Cogolludo, A. (2014). The flavonoid quercetin reverses pulmonary hypertension in rats. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0114492"},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"209","article-title":"Pulmonary arteries of the normal rat: The thick walled oblique muscle segment","volume":"125","author":"Meyrick","year":"1978","journal-title":"J. Anat."},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"468","article-title":"Pulmonary arterial and alveolar development in normal postnatal rat lung","volume":"125","author":"Meyrick","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am. Rev. Respir. Dis."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000216858.04599.e1","article-title":"Serotonin inhibits voltage-gated K+ currents in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells: Role of 5-HT2A receptors, caveolin-1, and KV1.5 channel internalization","volume":"98","author":"Cogolludo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D91","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkp781","article-title":"3D-footprint: A database for the structural analysis of protein-DNA complexes","volume":"38","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/24\/15\/12350\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T20:24:29Z","timestamp":1760127869000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/24\/15\/12350"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms241512350"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms241512350","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]]}}}