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Therefore, bone tissue engineering (BTE) approaches, involving the development of biomimetic implantable scaffolds combined with osteoprogenitor cells and native-like physical stimuli, are gaining widespread interest. Electrical stimulation (ES)-based therapies have been found to actively promote bone growth and osteogenesis in both in vivo and in vitro settings. Thus, the combination of electroactive scaffolds comprising conductive biomaterials and ES holds significant promise in improving the effectiveness of BTE for clinical applications. The aim of this study was to develop electroconductive polyacrylonitrile\/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PAN\/PEDOT:PSS) nanofibers via electrospinning, which are capable of emulating the native tissue\u2019s fibrous extracellular matrix (ECM) and providing a platform for the delivery of exogenous ES. The resulting nanofibers were successfully functionalized with apatite-like structures to mimic the inorganic phase of the bone ECM. The conductive electrospun scaffolds presented nanoscale fiber diameters akin to those of collagen fibrils and displayed bone-like conductivity. PEDOT:PSS incorporation was shown to significantly promote scaffold mineralization in vitro. The mineralized electroconductive nanofibers demonstrated improved biological performance as observed by the significantly enhanced proliferation of both human osteoblast-like MG-63 cells and human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem\/stromal cells (hBM-MSCs). Moreover, mineralized PAN\/PEDOT:PSS nanofibers up-regulated bone marker genes expression levels of hBM-MSCs undergoing osteogenic differentiation, highlighting their potential as electroactive biomimetic BTE scaffolds for innovative bone defect repair strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241713203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,25]],"date-time":"2023-08-25T08:25:33Z","timestamp":1692951933000},"page":"13203","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Novel Electroactive Mineralized Polyacrylonitrile\/PEDOT:PSS Electrospun Nanofibers for Bone Repair Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8586-163X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frederico","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering and iBB\u2014Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB\u2014Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0786-9115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F\u00e1bio F. F.","family":"Garrudo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering and iBB\u2014Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB\u2014Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Bioengineering and Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2947-1186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana C.","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament of Chemical Engineering and CERENA\u2014Center for Natural Resources and the Environment, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2405-5845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joaquim M. S.","family":"Cabral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering and iBB\u2014Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB\u2014Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Morgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering and Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5177-6237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frederico Castelo","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioengineering and iBB\u2014Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory i4HB\u2014Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. 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