{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T01:35:26Z","timestamp":1778204126226,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]],"date-time":"2023-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693267200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Precision oncology is the ultimate goal of cancer treatment, i.e., to treat cancer and only cancer, leaving all the remaining cells and tissues as intact as possible. Classical chemotherapy and radiotherapy, however, are still effective in many patients with cancer by effectively inducing apoptosis of cancer cells. Cancer cells might resist apoptosis via the anti-apoptotic effects of the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins. Recently, the inhibitors of those proteins have been developed with the goal of enhancing the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and one of them, xevinapant, has already demonstrated effectiveness in a phase II clinical trial. This class of drugs represents an example of synergism between classical cytotoxic chemo- and radiotherapy and new targeted therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241713385","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]],"date-time":"2023-08-29T08:26:52Z","timestamp":1693297612000},"page":"13385","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Targeting Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins to Overcome Chemotherapy Resistance\u2014A Marriage between Targeted Therapy and Cytotoxic Chemotherapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4854-1642","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiago","family":"Barroso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Oncology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio Lisboa Norte, 1649-035 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8556-6657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cec\u00edlia","family":"Melo-Alvim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Oncology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio Lisboa Norte, 1649-035 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Leonor Abreu","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Oncology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio Lisboa Norte, 1649-035 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6917-4477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Casimiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lu\u00eds Costa Lab, Instituto de Medicina Molecular Jo\u00e3o Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4782-7318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Oncology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio Lisboa Norte, 1649-035 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Lu\u00eds Costa Lab, Instituto de Medicina Molecular Jo\u00e3o Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e036357","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-036357","article-title":"Shifting, Overlapping and Expanding Use of \u201cPrecision Oncology\u201d Terminology: A Retrospective Literature Analysis","volume":"10","author":"Tran","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e005910","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.119.005910","article-title":"Anthracycline Cardiotoxicity: One Step Closer to Reversing the Irreversible","volume":"12","author":"Narezkina","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circ. 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