{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T07:11:56Z","timestamp":1767856316416,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698796800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"national funds through FCT\/MCTES (PIDDAC)","award":["LA\/P\/0045\/2020 (ALiCE)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0045\/2020 (ALiCE)"]}]},{"name":"national funds through FCT\/MCTES (PIDDAC)","award":["UIDB\/00511\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00511\/2020"]}]},{"name":"national funds through FCT\/MCTES (PIDDAC)","award":["UIDP\/00511\/2020 (LEPABE)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00511\/2020 (LEPABE)"]}]},{"name":"national funds through FCT\/MCTES (PIDDAC)","award":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000074"]}]},{"name":"national funds through FCT\/MCTES (PIDDAC)","award":["NORTE2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE2020"]}]},{"name":"Project S4Hort_Soil&amp;Food\u2014Sustainable practices for soil health &amp; horticultural products quality improvement in the Entre Douro e Minho Region","award":["LA\/P\/0045\/2020 (ALiCE)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0045\/2020 (ALiCE)"]}]},{"name":"Project S4Hort_Soil&amp;Food\u2014Sustainable practices for soil health &amp; horticultural products quality improvement in the Entre Douro e Minho Region","award":["UIDB\/00511\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00511\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Project S4Hort_Soil&amp;Food\u2014Sustainable practices for soil health &amp; horticultural products quality improvement in the Entre Douro e Minho Region","award":["UIDP\/00511\/2020 (LEPABE)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00511\/2020 (LEPABE)"]}]},{"name":"Project S4Hort_Soil&amp;Food\u2014Sustainable practices for soil health &amp; horticultural products quality improvement in the Entre Douro e Minho Region","award":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000074"]}]},{"name":"Project S4Hort_Soil&amp;Food\u2014Sustainable practices for soil health &amp; horticultural products quality improvement in the Entre Douro e Minho Region","award":["NORTE2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE2020"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the North Portugal Regional Operational Programme","award":["LA\/P\/0045\/2020 (ALiCE)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0045\/2020 (ALiCE)"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the North Portugal Regional Operational Programme","award":["UIDB\/00511\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00511\/2020"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the North Portugal Regional Operational Programme","award":["UIDP\/00511\/2020 (LEPABE)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00511\/2020 (LEPABE)"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the North Portugal Regional Operational Programme","award":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000074"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the North Portugal Regional Operational Programme","award":["NORTE2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The growing concern regarding the adverse effects of synthetic UV filters found in sunscreens has spurred significant attention due to their potential harm to aquatic ecosystems and human health. To address this, the present study aimed to extract and microencapsulate sensitive bioactive compounds derived from by-product onion peel (OP) by molecular inclusion using \u03b2-cyclodextrin as the wall material. Identification and quantification of bioactive compounds within the extract were conducted through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-DAD) analysis, revealing quercetin and resveratrol as the primary constituents. The photoprotection capacity, evaluated by the sun protection factor (SPF), revealed a protection factor comparable to the value for a synthetic UV filter. The produced microparticles presented high antioxidant capacity, significant photoprotection capacity, encapsulation efficiency of 91.8%, mean diameter of 31 \u03bcm, and polydispersity of 2.09. Furthermore, to comprehensively evaluate the performance of OP extract and its potential as a natural UV filter, five O\/W emulsions were produced. Results demonstrated that microparticles displayed superior ability in maintaining SPF values over a five-week period. Photoprotection evaluation\u2013skin reactivity tests revealed that both extract and microparticles absorb UV radiation in other regions of UV radiation, revealing their potential to be used as a natural UV filter to produce a sustainable and eco-friendly value-added sunscreen.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242115854","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T03:29:33Z","timestamp":1698809373000},"page":"15854","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["A Comparative Study between Onion Peel Extracts, Free and Complexed with \u03b2-Cyclodextrin, as a Natural UV Filter to Cosmetic Formulations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Mariana A.","family":"Messias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPABE\u2014Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty de Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"ALiCE\u2014Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty de Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3381-2318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara M.","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPABE\u2014Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty de Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"ALiCE\u2014Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty de Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2112-4702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Loleny","family":"Tavares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ESAN\u2014School of Design, Management and Production Technologies Northern Aveiro, University of Aveiro, Estrada do Cercal 449, Santiago de Riba-UI, 3720-509 Oliveira de Azem\u00e9is, Portugal"},{"name":"CICECO-Aveiro\u2014Institute of Materials, Campus Universit\u00e1rio de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"EMaRT Group\u2014Emerging: Materials, Research, Technology, School of Design, Management and Production Technologies Northern Aveiro, University of Aveiro, Estrada do Cercal, 449, 3720-509 Oliveira de Azem\u00e9is, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2712-0622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L\u00facia","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEPABE\u2014Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty de Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"ALiCE\u2014Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty de Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3801","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-019-03183-5","article-title":"The molecular clock in the skin, its functionality, and how it is disrupted in cutaneous melanoma: A new pharmacological target?","volume":"76","author":"Moraes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e73","DOI":"10.1002\/ski2.73","article-title":"Stigma, social appearance anxiety and coping in men and women living with skin conditions: A mixed methods analysis","volume":"2","author":"Hughes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ski. Health Dis."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.3390\/cosmetics2020048","article-title":"Main Benefits and Applicability of Plant Extracts in Skin Care Products","volume":"2","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cosmetics"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moukova, A., Malina, L., Kolarova, H., and Bajgar, R. (2023). Hyperoside as a UV Photoprotective or Photostimulating Compound\u2014Evaluation of the Effect of UV Radiation with Selected UV-Absorbing Organic Compounds on Skin Cells. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24129910"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jesus, A., Sousa, E., Cruz, M.T., Cidade, H., Lobo, J.M.S., and Almeida, I.F. (2022). UV Filters: Challenges and Prospects. Pharmaceuticals, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/ph15030263"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.21873\/anticanres.15644","article-title":"Sun Exposure\u2014Hazards and Benefits","volume":"42","author":"Lindqvist","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anticancer. Res."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferreira, S.M., Gomes, S.M., and Santos, L. (2023). A Novel Approach in Skin Care: By-Product Extracts as Natural UV Filters and an Alternative to Synthetic Ones. Molecules, 28.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28052037"},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Shukla, S., and Tyagi, B. (2017). Comparative Phytochemical Screening and Analysis of Different Vigna species in organic solvents. Austin. J. Biotechnol. Bioeng., 4."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1111\/ics.12316","article-title":"Plant-based active photoprotectants for sunscreens","volume":"38","author":"Cefali","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Cosmet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2021.112285","article-title":"Agricultural waste management strategies for environmental sustainability","volume":"206","author":"Koul","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132737","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2022.132737","article-title":"Red onion skin active ingredients, extraction and biological properties for functional food applications","volume":"386","author":"Chadorshabi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar, M., Barbhai, M.D., Hasan, M., Punia, S., Dhumal, S., Rais, N., Chandran, D., Pandiselvam, R., and Kothakota, A. (2022). Onion (Allium cepa L.) peels: A review on bioactive compounds and biomedical activities. Biomed. Pharmacother., 146.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.112498"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Celano, R., Docimo, T., Piccinelli, A.L., Gazzerro, P., Tucci, M., Di Sanzo, R., Carabetta, S., Campone, L., Russo, M., and Rastrelli, L. (2021). Onion Peel: Turning a Food Waste into a Resource. Antioxidants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10020304"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dzia\u0142o, M., Mierziak, J., Korzun, U., Preisner, M., Szopa, J., and Kulma, A. (2016). The Potential of Plant Phenolics in Prevention and Therapy of Skin Disorders. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17020160"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grgi\u0107, J., \u0160elo, G., Planini\u0107, M., Ti\u0161ma, M., and Buci\u0107-Koji\u0107, A. (2020). Role of the Encapsulation in Bioavailability of Phenolic Compounds. Antioxidants, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9100923"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Torres-Contreras, A.M., Garcia-Baeza, A., Vidal-Limon, H.R., Balderas-Renteria, I., Ram\u00edrez-Cabrera, M.A., and Ramirez-Estrada, K. (2022). Plant Secondary Metabolites against Skin Photodamage: Mexican Plants, a Potential Source of UV-Radiation Protectant Molecules. Plants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11020220"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00392","article-title":"Natural Antioxidants: Multiple Mechanisms to Protect Skin From Solar Radiation","volume":"9","author":"Dunaway","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2023.104173","article-title":"A comprehensive review on bioactive compounds, health benefits, and potential food applications of onion (Allium cepa L.) skin waste","volume":"141","author":"Stoica","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.149410","article-title":"Phenolic compounds degradation: Insight into the role and evidence of oxygen vacancy defects engineering on nanomaterials","volume":"800","author":"Kumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eghbal, N., Liao, W., Dumas, E., Azabou, S., Dantigny, P., and Gharsallaoui, A. (2022). Microencapsulation of Natural Food Antimicrobials: Methods and Applications. Appl. Sci., 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/app12083837"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109092","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2020.109092","article-title":"Anthocyanins: New techniques and challenges in microencapsulation","volume":"133","author":"Tarone","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K\u0142osowska, A., Wawrzy\u0144czak, A., and Feliczak-Guzik, A. (2023). Microencapsulation as a Route for Obtaining Encapsulated Flavors and Fragrances. Cosmetics, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/cosmetics10010026"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sousa, V.I., Parente, J.F., Marques, J.F., Forte, M.A., and Tavares, C.J. (2022). Microencapsulation of Essential Oils: A Review. Polymers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14091730"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13934","DOI":"10.33263\/BRIAC116.1393413951","article-title":"Encapsulation Systems for Delivery of Flavonoids: A Review","volume":"11","author":"Yousefi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biointerface Res. Appl. Chem."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2013.08.078","article-title":"Cyclodextrins as encapsulation agents for plant bioactive compounds","volume":"101","author":"Pinho","year":"2014","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2018.07.205","article-title":"A review of microencapsulation methods for food antioxidants: Principles, advantages, drawbacks and applications","volume":"272","author":"Ozkan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25655","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.0c02760","article-title":"Molecular View into the Cyclodextrin Cavity: Structure and Hydration","volume":"5","author":"Sandilya","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2022.100374","article-title":"Value-added salad dressing enriched with red onion skin anthocyanins entrapped in different biopolymers","volume":"15","author":"Stoica","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Chem. X"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1080\/19476337.2020.1864020","article-title":"\u03b2-lactoglobulin and its thermolysin derived hydrolysates on regulating selected biological functions of onion skin flavonoids through microencapsulation","volume":"19","author":"Milea","year":"2021","journal-title":"CyTA J. Food"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13648","DOI":"10.1111\/jfpp.13648","article-title":"Microencapsulation of phenolic compounds extracted from onion (Allium cepa) skin","volume":"42","author":"Akdeniz","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Food Process. Preserv."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1080\/15428052.2021.1910095","article-title":"Ultrasonic _assisted extraction of phenolic compounds with evaluation of red onion skin (Allium cepa L.) antioxidant capacity","volume":"21","author":"Piovesan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Culin. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benito-Rom\u00e1n, \u00d3., Blanco, B., Sanz, M.T., and Beltr\u00e1n, S. (2020). Subcritical Water Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Onion Skin Wastes (Allium cepa cv. Horcal): Effect of Temperature and Solvent Properties. Antioxidants, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9121233"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.3889\/oamjms.2021.5872","article-title":"Analysis of Chemical Properties and Antioxidant Activity of Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Nees.) Leaf Tea Formula as a Functional Drink in Preventing Coronavirus Diseases and Degenerative Diseases","volume":"9","author":"Fitrasyah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Open Access Maced. J. Med. Sci. (OAMJMS)"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.3109\/08982100903443057","article-title":"Liposomes- and ethosomes-associated distamycins: A comparative study","volume":"20","author":"Cortesi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Liposome Res."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.powtec.2021.05.080","article-title":"Microencapsulation of organosulfur compounds from garlic oil using \u03b2-cyclodextrin and complex of soy protein isolate and chitosan as wall materials: A comparative study","volume":"390","author":"Tavares","year":"2021","journal-title":"Powder Technol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1007\/s11483-014-9371-2","article-title":"Effects of Xanthan Gum Additions on the Viscoelasticity, Structure and Storage Stability Characteristics of Prebiotic Custard Desserts","volume":"10","author":"Bayarri","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Biophys."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2009.05.061","article-title":"Effect of HP-\u03b2-cyclodextrins complexation on the antioxidant activity of flavonols","volume":"118","author":"Fortea","year":"2010","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2008.04.042","article-title":"Complexation of resveratrol with cyclodextrins: Solubility and antioxidant activity","volume":"113","author":"Lu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2020.108152","article-title":"Beta-cyclodextrin-zinc acetylacetonate (\u03b2-CD@ZnA) inclusion complex formation as a sustainable\/smart nanocarrier of corrosion inhibitors for a water-based siliconized composite film: Integrated experimental analysis and fundamental computational electronic\/atomic-scale simulation","volume":"197","author":"Dehghani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Compos. Part B Eng."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.135373","article-title":"Strategic orchestration of MoSe2 microspheres on \u03b2-cd functionalized rGO: A sustainable electrocatalyst for detection of rifampicin in real samples","volume":"307","author":"Ganguly","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"709","article-title":"Curcumin Microparticles Produced by Electrospraying Technique with Whey Protein Isolate and \u03b2-Cyclodextrin Complex","volume":"22","author":"Abbastabar","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Agric. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfoodeng.2010.01.039","article-title":"Encapsulation of cinnamon and thyme essential oils components (cinnamaldehyde and thymol) in \u03b2-cyclodextrin: Effect of interactions with water on complex stability","volume":"99","author":"Buera","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Food Eng."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107037","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2021.107037","article-title":"Preparation and characterization of tea tree oil\/hydroxypropyl-\u03b2-cyclodextrin inclusion complex and its application to control brown rot in peach fruit","volume":"121","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Hydrocoll."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsps.2019.08.003","article-title":"Sunscreen products: Rationale for use, formulation development and regulatory considerations","volume":"27","author":"Geoffrey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Saudi Pharm. J."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferreira, S.M., and Santos, L. (2022). A Potential Valorization Strategy of Wine Industry by-Products and Their Application in Cosmetics&mdash;Case Study: Grape Pomace and Grapeseed. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27030969"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hoang, H.T., Moon, J.-Y., and Lee, Y.-C. (2021). Natural Antioxidants from Plant Extracts in Skincare Cosmetics: Recent Applications, Challenges and Perspectives. Cosmetics, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/cosmetics8040106"},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"Parliament, T.E. (2009). Regulation (EC) No 1223\/2009 on Cosmetic Products, Official Journal of the European Union. Available online: https:\/\/health.ec.europa.eu\/system\/files\/2016-11\/cosmetic_1223_2009_regulation_en_0.pdf."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferreira, S.M., Fal\u00e9, Z., and Santos, L. (2022). Sustainability in Skin Care: Incorporation of Avocado Peel Extracts in Topical Formulations. Molecules, 27.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27061782"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2006.12.007","article-title":"Effect of key operating parameters on phenols degradation during H2O2-assisted TiO2 photocatalytic treatment of simulated and actual olive mill wastewaters","volume":"73","author":"Silva","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl. Catal. B Environ."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.6706","article-title":"Intra-laboratory validation of microplate methods for total phenolic content and antioxidant activity on polyphenolic extracts, and comparison with conventional spectrophotometric methods","volume":"95","author":"Arroqui","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1002\/fft2.10","article-title":"Guidelines for antioxidant assays for food components","volume":"1","author":"Xiao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Front."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.5530\/pj.2016.3.1","article-title":"Sunscreens: A review","volume":"8","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmacogn. J."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2010.01.016","article-title":"Polyphenol characterization and encapsulation in \u03b2-cyclodextrin of a flavonoid-rich Hypericum perforatum (St John\u2019s wort) extract","volume":"43","author":"Kalogeropoulos","year":"2010","journal-title":"LWT Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1007\/s11947-020-02407-y","article-title":"Encapsulation of the Antioxidant Tyrosol and Characterization of Loaded Microparticles: An Integrative Approach on the Study of the Polymer-Carriers and Loading Contents","volume":"13","author":"Paulo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Bioprocess Technol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2014.03.042","article-title":"Encapsulation of the phenolic compounds of the blackberry (Rubus fruticosus)","volume":"58","author":"Borges","year":"2014","journal-title":"LWT Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2492","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules20022492","article-title":"Production and Characterization of Cosmetic Nanoemulsions Containing Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill Extract as Moisturizing Agent","volume":"20","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Molecules"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/24\/21\/15854\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T21:15:22Z","timestamp":1760130922000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/24\/21\/15854"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"21","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms242115854"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms242115854","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]]}}}