{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:38:19Z","timestamp":1760150299794,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,10]],"date-time":"2023-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699574400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"\u201cFunda\u00e7ao para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia\u201d of the Portuguese Government","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/06028\/2020","SFRH\/BD\/148695\/2019","CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/06028\/2020","SFRH\/BD\/148695\/2019","CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"The \u201cPrograma Operacional do Centro, Centro 2020\u201d of the \u201cComis\u00e3o Coordenadora da Regi\u00e3o Centro\u201d (Portugal)","award":["SFRH\/BD\/06028\/2020","SFRH\/BD\/148695\/2019","CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/06028\/2020","SFRH\/BD\/148695\/2019","CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000013"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>More than 12 million people around the world suffer a stroke every year, one every 3 s. Stroke has a variety of causes and is often the result of a complex interaction of risk factors related to age, genetics, gender, lifestyle, and some cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Despite this evidence, it is not possible to prevent the onset of stroke. The use of innovative methods for metabolite analysis has been explored in the last years to detect new stroke biomarkers. We use NMR spectroscopy to identify small molecule variations between different stages of stroke risk. The Framingham Stroke Risk Score was used in people over 63 years of age living in long-term care facilities (LTCF) to calculate the probability of suffering a stroke. Using this parameter, three study groups were formed: low stroke risk (LSR, control), moderate stroke risk (MSR) and high stroke risk (HSR). Univariate statistical analysis showed seven metabolites with increasing plasma levels across different stroke risk groups, from LSR to HSR: isoleucine, asparagine, formate, creatinine, dimethylsulfone and two unidentified molecules, which we termed \u201cunknown-1\u201d and \u201cunknown-3\u201d. These metabolic markers can be used for early detection and to detect increasing stages of stroke risk more efficiently.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms242216173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]],"date-time":"2023-11-13T02:02:42Z","timestamp":1699840962000},"page":"16173","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Searching for Metabolic Markers of Stroke in Human Plasma via NMR Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"N\u00e1dia","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior (UBI), Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilha, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Adriana","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior (UBI), Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilha, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana Paula","family":"Amaral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior (UBI), Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilha, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0876-3876","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gon\u00e7alo","family":"Gra\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Bioinformatics, Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3492-5725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ignacio","family":"Verde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior (UBI), Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilha, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1177\/17474930211065917","article-title":"World Stroke Organization (WSO): Global Stroke Fact Sheet 2022","volume":"17","author":"Feigin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Stroke"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e146","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000485","article-title":"Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2017 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association","volume":"135","author":"Benjamin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"143","article-title":"Stroke-incidence, mortality, morbidity and risk","volume":"36","author":"Ingall","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Insur. Med."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2023). 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