{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T15:28:18Z","timestamp":1776180498361,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,8]],"date-time":"2024-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704672000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Spanish Ministry of Science and innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AGL2020-120660RA-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AGL2020-120660RA-I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004837","name":"Spanish Ministry of Science and innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["04912\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["04912\/2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004837","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Spanish University System","award":["AGL2020-120660RA-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AGL2020-120660RA-I00"]}]},{"name":"Spanish University System","award":["04912\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["04912\/2021"]}]},{"name":"European Union-Next Generation EU and Ministry of Universities of Spain","award":["AGL2020-120660RA-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AGL2020-120660RA-I00"]}]},{"name":"European Union-Next Generation EU and Ministry of Universities of Spain","award":["04912\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["04912\/2021"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Inflammatory diseases are strongly associated with global morbidity and mortality. Several mediators are involved in this process, including proinflammatory interleukins and cytokines produced by damaged tissues that, somehow, act as initiators of the autoreactive immune response. Bioactive compounds present in plant-based foods and byproducts have been largely considered active agents with the potential to treat or prevent inflammatory diseases, being a valuable alternative to traditional therapeutic agents used nowadays, which present several side effects. In this regard, the present research uncovers the anti-inflammatory activity of the bioaccessible fraction of broccoli stalks processed, by applying different conditions that render specific concentrations of bioactive sulforaphane (SFN). The raw materials\u2019 extracts exhibited significantly different contents of total glucosinolates (GSLs) that ranged between 3993.29 and 12,296.48 mg\/kg dry weight (dw), with glucoraphanin as the most abundant one, followed by GI and GE. The indolic GSLs were represented by hydroxy-glucobrassicin, glucobrassicin, methoxy-glucobrassicin, and neo-glucobrassicin, with the two latter as the most abundant. Additionally, SFN and indole-3-carbinol were found in lower concentrations than the corresponding GSL precursors in the raw materials. When exploring the bioaccessibility of these organosulfur compounds, the GSL of all matrices remained at levels lower than the limit of detection, while SFN was the only breakdown product that remained stable and at quantifiable concentrations. The highest concentration of bioaccessible SFN was provided by the high-ITC materials (~4.00 mg\/kg dw). The results retrieved on the cytotoxicity of the referred extracts evidenced that the range of supplementation of growth media tested (0.002\u2013430.400 \u00b5g of organosulfur compounds\/mL) did not display cytotoxic effects on Caco-2 cells. The obtained extracts were assessed based on their capacity to reduce the production of key proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-8, and TNF-\u03b1) by the intestinal epithelium. Most of the tested processing conditions provided plant material with significant anti-inflammatory activity and the absence of cytotoxic effects. These data confirm that SFN from broccoli stalks, processed to optimize the bioaccessible concentration of SFN, may be potential therapeutic leads to treat or prevent human intestinal inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25020800","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]],"date-time":"2024-01-09T04:38:51Z","timestamp":1704775131000},"page":"800","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Bioaccessible Organosulfur Compounds in Broccoli Stalks Modulate the Inflammatory Mediators Involved in Inflammatory Bowel Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6788-4611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Costa-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Fitoqu\u00edmica y Alimentos Saludables (LabFAS), CEBAS-CSIC, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9855-1999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paola","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Bravo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Fitoqu\u00edmica y Alimentos Saludables (LabFAS), CEBAS-CSIC, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n e Innovaci\u00f3n Agroalimentaria y Agroambiental (CIAGRO), Universidad Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez de Elche (UMH), Carretera de Beniel km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Alicante, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7231-6480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonia","family":"Medina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Fitoqu\u00edmica y Alimentos Saludables (LabFAS), CEBAS-CSIC, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6232-712X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ra\u00fal","family":"Dom\u00ednguez-Perles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Fitoqu\u00edmica y Alimentos Saludables (LabFAS), CEBAS-CSIC, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4751-3917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Garc\u00eda-Viguera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Fitoqu\u00edmica y Alimentos Saludables (LabFAS), CEBAS-CSIC, Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oligschlaeger, Y., Yadati, T., Houben, T., Oliv\u00e1n, C.M.C., and Shiri-Sverdlov, R. 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