{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T04:22:05Z","timestamp":1776831725828,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":270,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,3]],"date-time":"2024-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706918400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT, co-financed by the European Social Funds (FSE) and national funds of MCTES","award":["2020.08969.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020.08969.BD"]}]},{"name":"FCT, co-financed by the European Social Funds (FSE) and national funds of MCTES","award":["UIDB\/00776\/2020-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00776\/2020-3"]}]},{"name":"FCT\/MCTES","award":["2020.08969.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020.08969.BD"]}]},{"name":"FCT\/MCTES","award":["UIDB\/00776\/2020-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00776\/2020-3"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ovarian cancer (OC) is the female genital malignancy with the highest lethality. Patients present a poor prognosis mainly due to the late clinical presentation allied with the common acquisition of chemoresistance and a high rate of tumour recurrence. Effective screening, accurate diagnosis, and personalised multidisciplinary treatments are crucial for improving patients\u2019 survival and quality of life. This comprehensive narrative review aims to describe the current knowledge on the aetiology, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of OC, highlighting the latest significant advancements and future directions. Traditionally, OC treatment involves the combination of cytoreductive surgery and platinum-based chemotherapy. Although more therapeutical approaches have been developed, the lack of established predictive biomarkers to guide disease management has led to only marginal improvements in progression-free survival (PFS) while patients face an increasing level of toxicity. Fortunately, because of a better overall understanding of ovarian tumourigenesis and advancements in the disease\u2019s (epi)genetic and molecular profiling, a paradigm shift has emerged with the identification of new disease biomarkers and the proposal of targeted therapeutic approaches to postpone disease recurrence and decrease side effects, while increasing patients\u2019 survival. Despite this progress, several challenges in disease management, including disease heterogeneity and drug resistance, still need to be overcome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25031845","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]],"date-time":"2024-02-05T05:22:44Z","timestamp":1707110564000},"page":"1845","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":112,"title":["Paradigm Shift: A Comprehensive Review of Ovarian Cancer Management in an Era of Advancements"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3680-7757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Val\u00e9ria","family":"Tavares","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Department, Clinical Pathology SV\/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"ICBAS\u2014Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"In\u00eas Soares","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Department, Clinical Pathology SV\/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"In\u00eas Guerra de","family":"Melo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Department, Clinical Pathology SV\/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Joana","family":"Assis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Unit, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Deolinda","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oncology Department, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto (IPOP), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3010-8373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Medeiros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP), Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Department, Clinical Pathology SV\/RISE@CI-IPOP (Health Research Network), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto Comprehensive Cancer Centre (Porto.CCC), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"ICBAS\u2014Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Department, Portuguese League Against Cancer (NRNorte), 4200-172 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA A Cancer J. 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