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Among the various types, the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains a challenge. Considering the recent advances in cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) cancer research, our goal was to evaluate efficacy data from studies based on chemotherapy and CAP in TNBC cell lines and animal models. A search of the literature was carried out in the PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases. Of the 10,999 studies, there were fifty-four in vitro studies, three in vivo studies, and two in vitro and in vivo studies included. MDA-MB-231 cells were the most used. MTT, MTS, SRB, annexin-V\/propidium iodide, trypan blue, and clonogenic assay were performed to assess efficacy in vitro, increasing the reliability and comprehensiveness of the data. There was found to be a decrease in cell proliferation after both chemotherapy and CAP; however, different protocol settings, including an extensive range of drug doses and CAP exposure times, were reported. For both therapies, a considerable reduction in tumor volume was observed in vivo compared with that of the untreated group. The treatment of TNBC cell lines with CAP proved successful, with apoptosis emerging as the predominant type of cellular death. This systematic review presents a comprehensive overview of the treatment landscape in chemotherapy and CAP regarding their efficacy in TNBC cell lines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25063254","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,13]],"date-time":"2024-03-13T13:08:43Z","timestamp":1710335323000},"page":"3254","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Efficacy of Cold Atmospheric Plasma vs. Chemotherapy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4922-3980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catarina","family":"Almeida-Ferreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9269-5417","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos Miguel","family":"Marto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory for Evidence-Based Sciences and Precision Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9930-5282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chrislaura","family":"Carmo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Coimbra Chemistry Center (CQC), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Joana","family":"Almeida-Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Hospital Center of Central Lisbon, 1150-199 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Frutuoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Gynecology Service, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Coimbra Health Local Unit, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9409-5466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Jo\u00e3o","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Gynecology Service, Coimbra Hospital and University Centre, Coimbra Health Local Unit, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Universitary Clinic of Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7202-1650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Filomena","family":"Botelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0689-6007","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mafalda","family":"Laranjo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","article-title":"Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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