{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T23:38:22Z","timestamp":1768433902119,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]],"date-time":"2024-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute of Health","award":["National Institute of Health"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["National Institute of Health"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Health","award":["DK-67420"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK-67420"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Health","award":["DK-108054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK-108054"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Health","award":["P20GM121299-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20GM121299-01"]}]},{"name":"National Institute of Health","award":["BX003443-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BX003443-01"]}]},{"name":"Veteran\u2019s Administration Merit Review","award":["National Institute of Health"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["National Institute of Health"]}]},{"name":"Veteran\u2019s Administration Merit Review","award":["DK-67420"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK-67420"]}]},{"name":"Veteran\u2019s Administration Merit Review","award":["DK-108054"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DK-108054"]}]},{"name":"Veteran\u2019s Administration Merit Review","award":["P20GM121299-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20GM121299-01"]}]},{"name":"Veteran\u2019s Administration Merit Review","award":["BX003443-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BX003443-01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dietary lipid absorption is facilitated by bile acids. In the Zucker rat (ZR) model of obesity, bile acid absorption, mediated by the apical sodium bile acid transporter (ASBT), was increased in villus cells from the distal ileum. However, whether ASBT may be de novo expressed more proximally in the small intestine during obesity to facilitate additional bile acid absorption is not known. For this, starting from the end of the ileum to the mid jejunum, caudal-orally, five intestinal segments of equal length (S1\u2013S5) were separated from lean and obese ZRs (LZR and OZR). Intestinal mucosa obtained from these segments were used for total RNA extraction, RT-qPCR and 3H-TCA uptake. The results showed that bile acid absorption along with the mRNA expression of ASBT and FXR progressively decreased caudal-orally in both LZRs and OZRs but was significantly higher in all small intestinal segments in OZRs. The expression of GATA4 was absent in the distal ileum (S1) in both LZRs and OZRs, but steadily increased along the proximal length in both. However, this steady increase was significantly reduced in the comparative obese proximal intestinal segments S2, S3, S4 and S5. The expressions of bile acid-activated G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor TGR5 and S1PR2 were unaltered in segments S1\u2013S4 but were significantly increased in OZR S5. The paradigm changing observation of this study is that ASBT is expressed more proximally in the small intestine in obesity. This likely increases overall bile acid absorption and thereby lipid absorption in the proximal small intestine in obesity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252111452","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]],"date-time":"2024-10-25T03:46:04Z","timestamp":1729827964000},"page":"11452","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Novel Expression of Apical Bile Acid Transport (ASBT) More Proximally Than Distal Ileum Contributing to Enhanced Intestinal Bile Acid Absorption in Obesity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Shanmuga","family":"Sundaram","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1600 Medical Center Drive, Huntington, WV 25701, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7665-595X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arunkumar","family":"Jagadeesan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1600 Medical Center Drive, Huntington, WV 25701, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1487-5460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raja Singh","family":"Paulraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1600 Medical Center Drive, Huntington, WV 25701, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9322-6740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Uma","family":"Sundaram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1600 Medical Center Drive, Huntington, WV 25701, USA"}]},{"given":"Subha","family":"Arthur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, 1600 Medical Center Drive, Huntington, WV 25701, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1467-789x.2001.00037.x","article-title":"The medical-care cost burden of obesity","volume":"2","author":"Thompson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Obes. Rev."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"278","article-title":"Obesity, the deadly quartet and the contribution of the neglected daily organ rest\u2014A new dimension of un-health and its prevention","volume":"4","author":"Bengmark","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hepatobiliary Surg. 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