{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T23:35:14Z","timestamp":1777332914035,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]],"date-time":"2024-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT\/MCTES","award":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Periodontal disease affects about 80% of dogs, highlighting the importance of addressing periodontitis in veterinary dental care. The periodontal ligament (PDL) is a key structure holding the potential to regenerate the entire periodontal complex. This work presents an in vitro model of canine PDL-derived cell cultures that mimic the PDL\u2019s regenerative capacity for both mineralised and soft tissues. Explant outgrowth-derived PDL cells were cultured under standard conditions in osteoinductive medium and with hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (Hap NPs). Cell behaviour was assessed for viability\/proliferation, morphology, growth patterns, and the expression of osteogenic and periodontal markers. Osteogenic conditions, either achieved with osteoinducers or an osteoconductive biomaterial, strongly promoted PDL-derived cells\u2019 commitment towards the osteogenic phenotype and significantly increased the expression of periodontal markers. These findings suggest that cultured PDL cells replicate the biological function of the PDL, supporting the regeneration of both soft and hard periodontal tissues under normal and demanding healing conditions. This in vitro model will offer a platform for testing new regenerative treatments and materials, ultimately contributing to canine dental care and better outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252212234","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]],"date-time":"2024-11-14T08:06:32Z","timestamp":1731571592000},"page":"12234","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Biomimetic In Vitro Model of Canine Periodontal Ligament"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1584-229X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura C.","family":"Pinho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"BoneLab\u2014Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, U.Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV\/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Dental Medicine, U.Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CITAB\u2014Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Inov4Agro, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"CQE, IMS, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Set\u00fabal, EST Set\u00fabal, 2910-761 Set\u00fabal, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Andr\u00e9","family":"Queir\u00f3s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Veterin\u00e1rio Universit\u00e1rio de Paredes, 4580-593 Paredes, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8567-0032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catarina","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CQE, IMS, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Set\u00fabal, EST Set\u00fabal, 2910-761 Set\u00fabal, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4879-8624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno","family":"Cola\u00e7o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CITAB\u2014Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Inov4Agro, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"CECAV\u2013Animal and Veterinary Research Centre, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9391-9574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Helena","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BoneLab\u2014Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, U.Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV\/REQUIMTE, Faculty of Dental Medicine, U.Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2146160","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/2146160","article-title":"Global Prevalence of Periodontal Disease and Lack of Its Surveillance","volume":"2020","author":"Nazir","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. 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