{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T12:52:14Z","timestamp":1767703934826,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,17]],"date-time":"2024-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731801600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fundo Regional da Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia (FRCT)","award":["M3.1.a\/F\/008\/2021","M1.1.C\/PROJ.EXPLORAT\u00d3RIOS\/003\/2022\u2014PotBioCJap"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["M3.1.a\/F\/008\/2021","M1.1.C\/PROJ.EXPLORAT\u00d3RIOS\/003\/2022\u2014PotBioCJap"]}]},{"name":"Dire\u00e7\u00e3o Regional da Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia (DRCT)","award":["M3.1.a\/F\/008\/2021","M1.1.C\/PROJ.EXPLORAT\u00d3RIOS\/003\/2022\u2014PotBioCJap"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["M3.1.a\/F\/008\/2021","M1.1.C\/PROJ.EXPLORAT\u00d3RIOS\/003\/2022\u2014PotBioCJap"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD), a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder characterized by severe cognitive impairment, affects millions of people worldwide. However, AD therapy remains limited and mainly symptomatic-focused, with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors being the major available drugs. Thus, AD is considered by the WHO as a disorder of public health priority. Among several strategies that have been identified to combat AD, the use of natural multi-target drug ligands (MTDLs) appears to be a promising approach. In this context, we previously found that the essential oils (EOs), obtained via hydrodistillation, from Azorean Cryptomeria japonica sawdust (CJS) and resin-rich bark (CJRRB) were able to exert antioxidant activity via different mechanisms of action. Therefore, in the present work, these EOs were screened for their (i) in vitro anti-AChE and anti-butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activities, evaluated by a modified Ellman\u2019s assay; (ii) in vitro anti-inflammatory potential, using the albumin denaturation method; and (iii) toxicity against Artemia salina. The CJRRB\u2013EO exhibited both anti-AChE and anti-BChE activities (IC50: 1935 and 600 \u00b5g\/mL, respectively), whereas the CJS\u2013EO only displayed anti-BChE activity, but it was 3.77-fold higher than that of the CJRRB\u2013EO. Molecular docking suggested that \u03b1-pinene and ferruginol compounds contributed to the anti-AChE and anti-BChE activities, respectively. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory activity of the CJS\u2013EO, the CJRRB\u2013EO, and diclofenac was 51%, 70%, and 59% (at a concentration of only 2.21 \u03bcg\/mL), respectively, with the latter two presenting comparable activity. Concerning the EOs\u2019 potential toxicity, the CJRRB\u2013EO exhibited a lower effect than the CJS\u2013EO (LC50: 313 and 73 \u00b5g\/mL, respectively). Overall, the EOs from C. japonica biomass residues, chiefly the CJRRB\u2013EO, displayed antioxidant, anticholinesterase, and anti-inflammatory activities in a concentration-dependent manner. These properties demonstrate that these residues may be suitable natural MTDLs for AD complementary therapy when administered through aromatherapy, or, alternatively, could serve as low-cost sources of valuable ingredients, such as \u03b1-pinene.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252212328","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]],"date-time":"2024-11-18T04:07:09Z","timestamp":1731902829000},"page":"12328","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Anticholinesterase and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of the Essential Oils of Sawdust and Resin-Rich Bark from Azorean Cryptomeria japonica (Cupressaceae): In Vitro and In Silico Studies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5139-0828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Lima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Research and Technology (IITAA), University of the Azores, 9700-042 Angra do Hero\u00edsmo, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Physics, Chemistry and Engineering (DCFQE), Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Azores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Filipe","family":"Arruda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Research and Technology (IITAA), University of the Azores, 9700-042 Angra do Hero\u00edsmo, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Biology (DB), Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Azores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1373-6060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Frias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology (DB), Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Azores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal"},{"name":"Biotechnology Centre of Azores (CBA), University of the Azores, Terceira, Azores, 9700-042 Angra do Hero\u00edsmo, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0200-9768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tanner","family":"Wortham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Perfumery, 621 Park East Blvd, New Albany, IN 47150, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6897-4886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandre","family":"Janeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Research and Technology (IITAA), University of the Azores, 9700-042 Angra do Hero\u00edsmo, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Physics, Chemistry and Engineering (DCFQE), Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Azores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8718-7575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T\u00e2nia","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Research and Technology (IITAA), University of the Azores, 9700-042 Angra do Hero\u00edsmo, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Biology (DB), Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Azores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Baptista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Research and Technology (IITAA), University of the Azores, 9700-042 Angra do Hero\u00edsmo, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Physics, Chemistry and Engineering (DCFQE), Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Azores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6736-8729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisabete","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Research and Technology (IITAA), University of the Azores, 9700-042 Angra do Hero\u00edsmo, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Physics, Chemistry and Engineering (DCFQE), Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Azores, 9500-321 Ponta Delgada, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1038\/547153a","article-title":"Stop Alzheimer\u2019s before it starts","volume":"547","author":"McDade","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"1479","article-title":"Cholinesterase inhibitors as Alzheimer\u2019s therapeutics","volume":"20","author":"Sharma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. 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