{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T12:16:15Z","timestamp":1776946575823,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":125,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]],"date-time":"2025-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743638400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT\u2014Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UID\/04033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/04033"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Over the years, there has been a tendency for an increase in global obesity. The World Health Organization\u2019s (WHO) 2024 report states that in 2019, more than one billion people were obese, and this condition was responsible for five million deaths, being that obesity is more prevalent among adults compared to adolescents and children. Obesity is a chronic disease characterized by alterations in adipose tissue. When excessive food is consumed and energy expenditure is low, adipose tissue undergoes hypertrophy and hyperplasia. This process activates B cells and induces the transition of anti-inflammatory M2-like macrophages into pro-inflammatory M1-like macrophages. B cells, acting as inflammatory mediators, stimulate pro-inflammatory CD8+ T cells, and promote macrophage infiltration into tissues. This condition triggers inflammation, increases oxidative stress, and ultimately leads to cellular death. During inflammation, an increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines occurs along with a decrease of anti-inflammatory cytokines. By contrast, the increase of oxidative stress is related to an increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidation of biomolecules, and a decrease in antioxidants. This mechanism for obesity can be mitigated through several healthy lifestyle changes, primarily including regular physical activity and healthy eating. These factors help reduce pro-inflammatory mediators and ROS, lowering inflammation and oxidative stress. Therefore, this review article focuses on studying the bioactive compounds present in the edible leaves of Annona cherimola Mill., Ipomoea batata (L.) Poir., Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott, Eriobotrya japonica, Cymbopogon citratus, Psidium guajava (L.), and Smallanthus sonchifolius to evaluate their effects on the mechanisms involved in obesity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26073358","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T06:52:56Z","timestamp":1743749576000},"page":"3358","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Advances in Leaf Plant Bioactive Compounds: Modulation of Chronic Inflammation Related to Obesity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4077-1780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Barros","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, Inov4Agro, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Agricultural sciences, Higher Polytechnic Institute of Bengo, B. Caboxa, Dande, Bengo 244-2004, Angola"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1404-5715","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Abra\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, Inov4Agro, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0575-4958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irene","family":"Gouvinhas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, Inov4Agro, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4533-1597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Granato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioactivity & Applications Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Natural Sciences, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5834-6141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Novo","family":"Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, Inov4Agro, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-022-01062-4","article-title":"Cell Death and Inflammation during Obesity: \u201cKnow My Methods, WAT(Son)\u201d","volume":"30","author":"Hildebrandt","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(2024, December 03). 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