{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T23:39:22Z","timestamp":1771889962835,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749600000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Luana Rosendo and Bruno Pires acknowledge the PhD fellowship from FCT","award":["2024.00478.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024.00478.BD"]}]},{"name":"Luana Rosendo and Bruno Pires acknowledge the PhD fellowship from FCT","award":["2024.02748.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024.02748.BD"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Salvia divinorum is a psychoactive plant presenting a complex pharmacological profile, attracting significant scientific interest due to its potential therapeutic applications and associated health risks. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the toxic and therapeutic effects of S. divinorum, evaluating its potential medical applications while highlighting the risks associated with its consumption. Additionally, the review examines the plant\u2019s recreational use, global consumption trends, and legal status. By synthesising current research, this article aims to clarify the implications of S. divinorum use and inform future studies on its pharmacological potential and regulatory considerations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26125588","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T08:18:06Z","timestamp":1749629886000},"page":"5588","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Salvinorin A and Salvia divinorum: Toxicology, Pharmacological Profile, and Therapeutic Potential"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7993-3722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Calado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de F\u00e1rmaco-Toxicologia, UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, Estrada Municipal 506, 6200-284 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"RISE-Health, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Universidade da Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Pires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RISE-Health, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Universidade da Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de F\u00e1rmaco-Toxicologia, UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, Estrada Municipal 506, 6200-284 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0461-8540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luana M.","family":"Rosendo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RISE-Health, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Universidade da Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de F\u00e1rmaco-Toxicologia, UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, Estrada Municipal 506, 6200-284 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Tiago","family":"Rosado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RISE-Health, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Universidade da Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de F\u00e1rmaco-Toxicologia, UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, Estrada Municipal 506, 6200-284 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"Grupo de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Sobre Problemas Relacionados Com Toxicofilias, Centro Acad\u00e9mico Cl\u00ednico das Beiras (CACB), Universidade da Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1802-8998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eugenia","family":"Gallardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RISE-Health, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Universidade da Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de F\u00e1rmaco-Toxicologia, UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, Estrada Municipal 506, 6200-284 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"Grupo de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Sobre Problemas Relacionados Com Toxicofilias, Centro Acad\u00e9mico Cl\u00ednico das Beiras (CACB), Universidade da Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3333-5977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Paula","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RISE-Health, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade, Universidade da Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de F\u00e1rmaco-Toxicologia, UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, Estrada Municipal 506, 6200-284 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maqueda, A.E. (2018). The Use of Salvia divinorum from a Mazatec Perspective. 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