{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T14:20:00Z","timestamp":1765549200383,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765497600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme","award":["862834"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["862834"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Foundation for Science and Technology, I.P."},{"name":"European Commission\u2019s Recovery and Resilience Facility","award":["UID\/04423\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/04423\/2025"]}]},{"name":"European Commission\u2019s Recovery and Resilience Facility","award":["UID\/PRR\/04423\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/PRR\/04423\/2025"]}]},{"name":"European Commission\u2019s Recovery and Resilience Facility","award":["LA\/P\/0101\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0101\/2020"]}]},{"name":"BYT-FCT PhD Grant","award":["UI\/BD\/150907\/2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UI\/BD\/150907\/2021"]}]},{"name":"CEEC Institutional","award":["CEECINST\/00027\/2021\/CP2789\/CT0002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECINST\/00027\/2021\/CP2789\/CT0002"]}]},{"name":"Individual program","award":["2020.00290.CEECIND\/CP1599\/CT0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020.00290.CEECIND\/CP1599\/CT0001"]}]},{"name":"CEEC Institutional","award":["2023.08554.CEECIND\/CP2848\/CT0004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023.08554.CEECIND\/CP2848\/CT0004"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Whiteleg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) is currently facing significant challenges related to severe disease outbreaks. As the importance of the host\u2013microbiota relationship is being revealed, modulating this relationship has become a key strategy in disease management. Xylooligosaccharides (XOS)\u2014short-chain sugar molecules\u2014have been gaining attention for their potential health benefits in the prebiotics field. In this study, an XOS-rich extract from Salicornia ramosissima was incorporated into shrimp feeds to evaluate its impact on gut health, with the main focus on gut proteomics and microbiota. XOS were incorporated at 0.1% (XOS_0.1) and 1% (XOS_1) concentrations, and a 14-day feeding trial, followed by a bacterial challenge with Vibrio harveyi, was performed. The effects of XOS were evaluated by assessing zootechnical parameters, gene expression in the hepatopancreas, and gut microbiota and proteome. The results showed no significant differences in zootechnical parameters and gene expression after the 14-day trial between animals fed XOS diets and control. However, shrimp fed XOS_1 showed an increased diversity of the microbial communities in the gut when compared with those fed control. Also, known shrimp gut symbionts, such as Ruegeria, Leisingera, and Demequina, were significantly enriched in groups fed XOS after the feeding trial. XOS also modulated the regulation of proteins in the gut. Nevertheless, stressful conditions appear to alter the effects of XOS and the dynamics of gut bacteria. Further studies are warranted to understand the impacts of long-term inclusion of XOS extracts, especially on health-related parameters and disease resistance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms262411978","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T14:04:40Z","timestamp":1765548280000},"page":"11978","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Modulating Whiteleg Shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) Health from the Inside out: Effects of Xylooligosaccharides from Salicornia ramosissima on Gut Metabolites and Microbial Community"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Ana","family":"Garcia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"},{"name":"School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Boo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8533-1754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Barreto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RIASEARCH Lda., 3880-394 Murtosa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2263-2212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"Semedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Mette Hedegaard","family":"Thomsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, The Faculty of Engineering and Science, Aalborg University, 6700 Esbjerg, Denmark"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9888-1955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allan","family":"Stensballe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Science and Technology, The Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, 9260 Gistrup, Denmark"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8346-5031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maxwel","family":"Mon\u00e7\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Lule\u00e5 University of Technology, SE-971 87 Lule\u00e5, Sweden"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3687-6173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonidas","family":"Matsakas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Lule\u00e5 University of Technology, SE-971 87 Lule\u00e5, Sweden"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Christakopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Lule\u00e5 University of Technology, SE-971 87 Lule\u00e5, Sweden"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4640-1910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Viswanath","family":"Kiron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aquaculture Research Group, Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8049 Bod\u00f8, Norway"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4385-6074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui J. M.","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RIASEARCH Lda., 3880-394 Murtosa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3758-0849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Costas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal"},{"name":"School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2022). The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2022, FAO."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1111\/jwas.13027","article-title":"Shrimp farming advances, challenges, and opportunities","volume":"54","author":"Villarreal","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. World Aquac. 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