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Beyond their antibacterial action, tetracyclines also exhibit pleiotropic biological effects, including modulation of bone metabolism. Nevertheless, the selection of agents and dosing for local bone applications remains largely empirical. Therefore, this study compares the tissue-level osteogenic potential of four tetracyclines from distinct generations using a translational ex vivo embryonic chick femur model. Organotypic femur cultures were maintained for 11 days and exposed to tetracycline (TC), doxycycline (DC), minocycline (MC), or sarecycline (SC), at 1 and 10 \u00b5g\/mL, concentrations corresponding to clinically relevant local and systemic exposures. Osteogenic outcomes included microcomputed tomography, histological analyses, and quantitative gene expression. At 1 \u00b5g\/mL, tetracyclines promoted osteogenic effects, increasing collagen deposition by approximately 30%, enhancing matrix maturation by 100%, stimulating tissue mineralization by 20\u201350%, and upregulating osteogenic marker expression, with TC exhibiting weaker activity. At 10 \u00b5g\/mL, osteogenic stimulation was notably reduced across all groups. This study provides the first tissue-level, head-to-head comparison of four tetracyclines and their effects on bone biology. The findings indicate that tetracycline-induced osteogenic activity is both agent-specific and concentration-dependent, underscoring the importance of using lower doses to maximize osteogenic responses and supporting the preferential use of DC, MC, and SC in bone regeneration and adjunctive therapeutic applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms27042077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T16:22:55Z","timestamp":1771863775000},"page":"2077","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Distinct Osteogenic Profiles of Tetracyclines from Different Generations in an Ex Vivo Embryonic Chick Femur Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6910-1705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor","family":"Martin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"BoneLab, Faculdade de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV\/REQUIMTE, Faculdade de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8498-5892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Francisca","family":"Bettencourt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8567-0032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catarina","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CQE, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"EST Set\u00fabal, CDP2T, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Set\u00fabal, Campus IPS, 2910 Set\u00fabal, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9391-9574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Helena","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BoneLab, Faculdade de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV\/REQUIMTE, Faculdade de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5365-2123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro Sousa","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BoneLab, Faculdade de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"LAQV\/REQUIMTE, Faculdade de Medicina Dent\u00e1ria, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Manuel Pereira da Silva, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bunick, C.G., Keri, J., Tanaka, S.K., Furey, N., Damiani, G., Johnson, J.L., and Grada, A. 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