{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T16:06:35Z","timestamp":1775145995848,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]],"date-time":"2024-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708387200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","award":["UIDB\/50026\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50026\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","award":["UIDP\/50026\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50026\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","award":["LA\/P\/0050\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0050\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","award":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000039"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)","award":["UIDB\/50026\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50026\/2020"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)","award":["UIDP\/50026\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50026\/2020"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)","award":["LA\/P\/0050\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0050\/2020"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)","award":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000039"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJNS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) leads to growth and development delays and is preventable with early treatment. Neonatal screening for CH was initiated in Portugal in 1981. This study examines the history of CH screening in the country. Data were obtained from annual reports and from the national database of neonatal screening laboratory. The CH screening strategy primarily relies on the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), followed by total thyroxine measurement as the second tier for confirmation. The TSH cutoff started at 90 mIU\/L, decreasing to the actual 10 mIU\/L. The coverage of the screening program has increased rapidly; although voluntary, it reached about 90% in 6 years and became universal in 10 years. Guideline and cutoff updates led to the identification of over 200 additional cases, resulting in specific retesting protocols for preterm and very-low-birth-weight babies. The actual decision tree considers CH when TSH levels are above 40 mIU\/L. Data from the CH screening also provide an indication of the iodine status of the population, which is presently indicative of iodine insufficiency. The Portuguese neonatal screening for CH is a history of success. It has rapidly and continuously adapted to changes in knowledge and has become a universal voluntary practice within a few years.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijns10010016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]],"date-time":"2024-02-20T11:50:07Z","timestamp":1708429807000},"page":"16","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["History of Neonatal Screening of Congenital Hypothyroidism in Portugal"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Maria Jos\u00e9","family":"Costeira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B\u2019s\u2014PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Unidade Local de Sa\u00fade do Alto Ave Rua dos Cutileiros, 4835-044 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Patr\u00edcio","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B\u2019s\u2014PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6512-996X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susana","family":"Roque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B\u2019s\u2014PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ivone","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Screening, Metabolism & Genetics\u2014National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 4000-053 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6186-779X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Vilarinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Screening, Metabolism & Genetics\u2014National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 4000-053 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8866-368X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana Almeida","family":"Palha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"},{"name":"ICVS\/3B\u2019s\u2014PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga\/Guimar\u00e3es, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1961.03040470079019","article-title":"Blood Screening for Phenylketonuria","volume":"178","author":"Guthrie","year":"1961","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4332","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.84.12.6221","article-title":"The Anecdotal History of Screening for Congenital Hypothyroidism","volume":"84","author":"Dussault","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. 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