{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T22:17:19Z","timestamp":1768601839269,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]],"date-time":"2022-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658880000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT\/MCTES\u2014Foundation for Science and Technology I.P.","award":["no. PI86-CI-IPOP-66-2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["no. PI86-CI-IPOP-66-2019"]}]},{"name":"Minister of Science, Technology, and Higher Education (PIDDAC)","award":["no. PI86-CI-IPOP-66-2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["no. PI86-CI-IPOP-66-2019"]}]},{"name":"European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)","award":["no. PI86-CI-IPOP-66-2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["no. PI86-CI-IPOP-66-2019"]}]},{"name":"COMPETE\u2014Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade (POFC)","award":["no. PI86-CI-IPOP-66-2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["no. PI86-CI-IPOP-66-2019"]}]},{"name":"Research Center of the Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto","award":["no. PI86-CI-IPOP-66-2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["no. PI86-CI-IPOP-66-2019"]}]},{"name":"Fernando Pessoa University, FP-I3ID, FP-BHS, Grupo de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Translacional em Longevidade e Sa\u00fade (GIT-LoSa)","award":["no. PI86-CI-IPOP-66-2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["no. PI86-CI-IPOP-66-2019"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Immuno"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Inflammation is a key factor in cancer promotion. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), as part of the tumor microenvironment, are often associated with the progression of tumors and a worse prognosis in many cancers, namely on cervical cancer. This work exhaustively summarizes the conclusions of the different studies published concerning TAMs function in cervical cancer, from in vitro studies using cancer cell lines to the clinical perspective (histological samples-based studies). Most studies have led to the conclusion that TAMs increased density is directly related to increased severity of a malignant cervical lesion. Additionally, TAMs are normally polarized into an M2 phenotype, benefiting and promoting tumor progression, resulting in a worse disease outcome. The tumor microenvironment is also a highly critical contributor that not only influences tumor natural history but also modulates the specific immune response.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/immuno2030028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]],"date-time":"2022-07-28T03:21:16Z","timestamp":1658978476000},"page":"460-468","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Cervical Cancer Outcome and Tumor-Associated Macrophages: Research Evidence"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"2","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2769-8958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno","family":"Horta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology GRP, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)\/Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Department\/Clinical Pathology SV, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"ICBAS\u2014Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Tom\u00e9","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology GRP, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)\/Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Department\/Clinical Pathology SV, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3010-8373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Medeiros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology GRP, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)\/Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Department\/Clinical Pathology SV, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"FP-I3ID, FP-BHS, CEBIMED and Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"F\u00e1tima","family":"Cerqueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology GRP, Research Center of IPO Porto (CI-IPOP)\/Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Department\/Clinical Pathology SV, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto (IPO Porto), 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"FP-I3ID, FP-BHS, CEBIMED and Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.4161\/cbt.11.3.14686","article-title":"Molecular Pathogenesis of Cervical Cancer","volume":"11","author":"Ibeanu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Biol. 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