{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:13:51Z","timestamp":1760145231754,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719878400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT\/MCTES","award":["UIDB\/50008\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50008\/2020"]}]},{"name":"EU funds","award":["UIDB\/50008\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50008\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Information"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hiking and cycling have gained popularity as ways of promoting well-being and physical activity. This has not gone unnoticed by Portuguese authorities, who have invested in infrastructure to support these activities and to boost sustainable and nature-based tourism. However, the lack of reliable data on the use of these infrastructures prevents us from recording attendance rates and the most frequent types of users. This information is important for the authorities responsible for managing, maintaining, promoting and using these infrastructures. In this sense, this study builds on a previous study by the same authors which identified computer vision as a suitable technology to identify and count different types of users of cycling and hiking routes. The performance tests carried out led to the conclusion that the YOLOv3-Tiny convolutional neural network has great potential for solving this problem. Based on this result, this paper describes the proposal and implementation of a prototype demonstrator. It is based on a Raspberry Pi 4 platform with YOLOv3-Tiny, which is responsible for detecting and classifying user types. An application available on users\u2019 smartphones implements the concept of opportunistic networks, allowing information to be collected over time, in scenarios where there is no end-to-end connectivity. This aggregated information can then be consulted on an online platform. The prototype was subjected to validation and functional tests and proved to be a viable low-cost solution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/info15070389","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T09:01:39Z","timestamp":1719910899000},"page":"389","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Development of a Prototype Solution for Collecting Information on Cycling and Hiking Trail Users"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Joaquim","family":"Miguel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, Av. Pedro \u00c1lvares Cabral, n\u00b0 12, 6000-084 Castelo Branco, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Mendon\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, Av. Pedro \u00c1lvares Cabral, n\u00b0 12, 6000-084 Castelo Branco, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Agnelo","family":"Quelhas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dire\u00e7\u00e3o Geral da Educa\u00e7\u00e3o\/ERTE, Av. 24 de Julho n\u00b0 140\u20135.\u00b0 Piso, 1399-025 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Federa\u00e7\u00e3o Portuguesa de Ciclismo, Rua de Campolide, 237, 1070-030 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5830-3790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o M. L. P.","family":"Caldeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, Av. Pedro \u00c1lvares Cabral, n\u00b0 12, 6000-084 Castelo Branco, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Rua Marqu\u00eas d\u2019\u00c1vila e Bolama, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8057-5474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vasco N. G. 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