{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T19:56:05Z","timestamp":1760730965687,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,2]],"date-time":"2017-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1501632000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT (Foundation for Science and Technology) from Portugal","award":["UID\/MULTI\/00631\/2013 project"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/MULTI\/00631\/2013 project"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Information"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Wireless sensor technologies can be used by intelligent transportation systems to provide innovative services that lead to improvements in road safety and congestion, increasing end-user satisfaction. In this article, we address vehicle routing with backup provisioning, where the possibility of reacting to overloading\/overcrowding of vehicles at certain stops is considered. This is based on the availability of vehicle load information, which can be captured using wireless sensor technologies. After discussing the infrastructure and monitoring tool, the problem is mathematically formalized, and a heuristic algorithm using local search procedures is proposed. Results show that planning routes with backup provisioning can allow fast response to overcrowding while reducing costs. Therefore, sustainable urban mobility, with efficient use of resources, can be provided while increasing the quality of service perceived by users.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/info8030094","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,2]],"date-time":"2017-08-02T10:05:25Z","timestamp":1501668325000},"page":"94","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Planning of Vehicle Routing with Backup Provisioning Using Wireless Sensor Technologies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"No\u00e9lia","family":"Correia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Electronics, Optoelectronics and Telecommunications (CEOT), Faculty of Sciences and Technology (FCT), University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Nuno","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Electronics, Optoelectronics and Telecommunications (CEOT), Faculty of Sciences and Technology (FCT), University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Sch\u00fctz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Electronics, Optoelectronics and Telecommunications (CEOT), Institute of Engineering (ISE), University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2008.04.002","article-title":"Wireless Sensor Network Survey","volume":"52","author":"Yick","year":"2008","journal-title":"Comput. 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