{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T18:31:25Z","timestamp":1774031485218,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,17]],"date-time":"2021-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637107200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"EC H2020","award":["769255"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["769255"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infrastructures"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Keeping transport links open in adverse conditions and being able to restore connections quickly after extreme events are important and demanding tasks for infrastructure owners\/operators. This paper is developed within the H2020 project SAFEWAY, whose main goal is to increase the resilience of terrestrial transportation infrastructure. Risk-based approaches are excellent tools to aid in the decision-making process of planning maintenance and implementation of risk mitigation measures with the ultimate goal of reducing risk and increasing resilience. This paper presents a framework for quantitative risk assessment which guides an integrated assessment of the risk components: hazard, exposure, vulnerability and consequences of a malfunctioning transportation infrastructure. The paper guides the identification of failure modes for transportation infrastructure exposed to extreme events (natural and human-made) and provides models for and examples of hazard, vulnerability and risk assessment. Each assessment step must be made in coherence with the other risk components as an integral part of the risk assessment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/infrastructures6110163","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,17]],"date-time":"2021-11-17T09:16:11Z","timestamp":1637140571000},"page":"163","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Risk Assessment of Terrestrial Transportation Infrastructures Exposed to Extreme Events"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1334-5572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Unni","family":"Eidsvig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Hazards Division, Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), N-0806 Oslo, Norway"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8456-7738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monica","family":"Santamar\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Institute for Sustainability and Innovation in Structural Engineering (ISISE), University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Neryvaldo","family":"Galv\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Institute for Sustainability and Innovation in Structural Engineering (ISISE), University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Nikola","family":"Tanasic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infrastructure Management Consultants Gmbh (IMC), 8008 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Piciullo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Hazards Division, Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), N-0806 Oslo, Norway"}]},{"given":"Rade","family":"Hajdin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infrastructure Management Consultants Gmbh (IMC), 8008 Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"}]},{"given":"Farrokh","family":"Nadim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Natural Hazards Division, Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), N-0806 Oslo, Norway"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4569-1090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H\u00e9lder S.","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Institute for Sustainability and Innovation in Structural Engineering (ISISE), University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1536-2149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Matos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Institute for Sustainability and Innovation in Structural Engineering (ISISE), University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"16","article-title":"Vulnerability and resilience of transport systems\u2014A discussion of recent research","volume":"81","author":"Mattsson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transp. 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