{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T03:05:34Z","timestamp":1772679934943,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]],"date-time":"2023-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682640000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infrastructures"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The public transport system is responsible for the displacement of a large part of the population, particularly in developing countries. This fact makes it relevant to evaluate the performance of public transport to provide an efficient and effective service. The purpose of this study is to conduct a performance evaluation of the public transport operation in the Metropolitan Region of Fortaleza (MRF), in the State of Cear\u00e1, Brazil. The analysis is based on DEA and the Malmquist index, based on three inputs (total operating time, fleet age, and the mileage traveled) and two outputs (fare revenue and number of passengers). Data were obtained through automated fare collection systems (AFCs) that were implemented in the MRF. Although there were no major fluctuations in performance during the analyzed period, the results indicate that the system\u2019s performance declined in certain years. In addition, the analysis enables a better understanding of route performance, considering the operating company or the area of operation, which helps to diagnose and comprehend the operation more effectively. By analyzing the operational performance over time, the proposed approach provides an additional contribution by offering a comprehensive overview to the involved stakeholders, fostering decision-making processes based on evidence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/infrastructures8050082","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]],"date-time":"2023-04-28T02:27:56Z","timestamp":1682648876000},"page":"82","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Operational Performance Analysis of the Public Transport System over Time"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4820-4435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Nauri","family":"Cazuza de Sousa J\u00fanior","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Regulatory Agency for Delegated Public Services of the State of Cear\u00e1, Fortaleza 60822-325, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6209-3626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa Galv\u00e3o","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"INESC TEC-Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0365-642X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e1rio Angelo","family":"Nunes de Azevedo Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Technology Center, Department of Transport Engineering, Campus do Pici, Federal University of Cear\u00e1, Fortaleza 60440-900, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5038\/2375-0901.13.4.1","article-title":"Public transportation services in Oman: A study of public perceptions","volume":"13","author":"Belwal","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. 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