{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T08:44:41Z","timestamp":1769589881014,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]],"date-time":"2023-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690761600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"national funds (PIDDAC) under the R&amp;D Unit Institute for Sustainability and Innovation in Structural Engineering (ISISE)","award":["UIDB\/04029\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04029\/2020"]}]},{"name":"national funds (PIDDAC) under the R&amp;D Unit Institute for Sustainability and Innovation in Structural Engineering (ISISE)","award":["LA\/P\/0112\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0112\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Associate Laboratory Advanced Production and Intelligent Systems ARISE","award":["UIDB\/04029\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04029\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Associate Laboratory Advanced Production and Intelligent Systems ARISE","award":["LA\/P\/0112\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0112\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infrastructures"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAV) will change how road engineers design road pavements because they can position themselves within a traffic lane, keeping their position in the lane more precisely than human-driven vehicles. These vehicles will have lower lateral wandering, which can induce more damage to pavements, such as cracking and permanent deformation, than the conventional vehicles, with consequences for the infrastructures due to the increased cracking and reduced safety due to the rutting. Thus, it is essential to assess the wander effect on pavement performance to define policies for its implementation on CAV. This paper studies the impact of the lateral wander of the traffic on pavement performance, considering its fatigue and permanent deformation resistance. This impact can be used to define limits for the wander to minimize distresses on the pavement. The results of this study allow us to conclude that for a pavement with a 10 cm asphalt layer, the wander effect is more significant for fatigue life. A pavement life increase of 20% was observed for a wander of 0.2 m, while for 0.6 m, the fatigue life can increase up to 48%. For the permanent deformation, a pavement life increase of 2% for a wander of 0.2 m was observed, but for 0.6 m, the pavement life can be increased up to 34%.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/infrastructures8080119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]],"date-time":"2023-07-31T09:22:38Z","timestamp":1690795358000},"page":"119","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Wander Effect on Pavement Performance for Application in Connected and Autonomous Vehicles"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7555-1195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Pais","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minho, ISISE, ARISE, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Paulo","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, University of Minho, CTAC, 4800-058 Guimar\u00e3es, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4782-2496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liseane","family":"Thives","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florian\u00f3polis 88040-900, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1177\/0361198119853560","article-title":"Optimization of Lateral Wandering of Automated Vehicles to Reduce Hydroplaning Potential and to Improve Pavement Life","volume":"2673","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Rec."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"United Nations (UN) (2020, January 10\u201312). Revised Framework Document on Automated\/Autonomous Vehicles. Proceedings of the World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations (WP.29), 180th Session, Geneva, Switzerland."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3141\/2640-03","article-title":"Autonomous Vehicles: Assessment of the Implications of Truck Positioning on Flexible Pavement Performance and Design","volume":"2640","author":"Noorvand","year":"2017","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Rec. J. Transp. Res. Rec."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Rana, M. (2021). Effects of Autonomous Vehicles on Pavement Distress & Road Safety and Pavement Distress Optimization. [Master\u2019s Thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland]."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Blab, R., and Litzka, J. (1995). Measurements of the Lateral Distribution of Heavy Vehicles and Its Effects on the Design of Road Pavements Road, University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute. Transport Technology, 4."},{"key":"ref_6","unstructured":"Gungor, O.E., She, R., Al-Qadi, I.L., and Ouyang, Y. (2018). Optimization of Lateral Position of Autonomous Trucks, Center for Connected and Automated Transportation University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute 2901 Baxter Road. Report No. ICT-20-009."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yeganeh, A., Vandiren, B., and Pirdavani, A. (2022). Pavement rutting performance analysis of automated vehicles: Impacts of wander mode, lane width, and market penetration rate. Int. J. Pavement Eng.","DOI":"10.1080\/10298436.2022.2049264"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"388","article-title":"Autonomous Vehicles Wheel Wander: Structural Impact on Flexible Pavements","volume":"8","author":"Georgouli","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Traffic Transp. Eng."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1080\/10298436.2020.1735636","article-title":"Wander 2D: A Flexible Pavement Design Framework for Autonomous and Connected Trucks","volume":"23","author":"Gungor","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Pavement Eng."},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"AASHTO (2004). Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2019.04.001","article-title":"Assess the impacts of different autonomous trucks\u2019 lateral control modes on asphalt pavement performance","volume":"103","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Part C Emerg. Technol."}],"container-title":["Infrastructures"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2412-3811\/8\/8\/119\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T20:22:59Z","timestamp":1760127779000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2412-3811\/8\/8\/119"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]}},"alternative-id":["infrastructures8080119"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/infrastructures8080119","relation":{},"ISSN":["2412-3811"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2412-3811","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]]}}}