{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T10:15:30Z","timestamp":1769508930249,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,17]],"date-time":"2021-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610841600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004271","name":"Sapienza Universit\u00e0 di Roma","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Sapienza 2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Sapienza 2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004271","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"FCT-Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["PTDC\/BIA-OUT\/29477\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/BIA-OUT\/29477\/2017"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Insects"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based genotyping of mutations in the voltage-sensitive sodium channel (vssc) associated with resistance to pyrethroid insecticides is widely used and represents a potential early warning and monitoring system for insecticide resistance arising in mosquito populations, which are vectors of different human pathogens. In the secondary vector Aedes albopictus\u2014an Asian species that has invaded and colonized the whole world, including temperate regions\u2014sequencing of domain II of the vssc gene is still needed to detect the V1016G mutation associated with pyrethroid resistance. In this study we developed and tested a novel allele-specific PCR (AS-PCR) assay to genotype the V1016G mutation in this species and applied it to the analysis of wild populations from Italy. The results confirm the high accuracy of the novel AS-PCR and highlight frequencies of the V1016G allele as &gt;5% in most sampling sites, with peaks of 20\u201345% in coastal touristic sites where pyrethroid treatments are extensively implemented, mostly for mosquito nuisance reduction. The high frequency of this mutation observed in Italian Ae. albopictus populations should serve as a warning bell, advocating for increased monitoring and management of a phenomenon which risks neutralizing the only weapon today available to counteract (risks of) arbovirus outbreaks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/insects12010079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,18]],"date-time":"2021-01-18T05:17:34Z","timestamp":1610947054000},"page":"79","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["A Novel Allele Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (AS-PCR) Assay to Detect the V1016G Knockdown Resistance Mutation Confirms Its Widespread Presence in Aedes albopictus Populations from Italy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7553-3704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Verena","family":"Pichler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Sanit\u00e0 Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Universit\u00e0 Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy"}]},{"given":"Emiliano","family":"Mancini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie \u2018C. Darwin\u2019, Universit\u00e0 Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Micocci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Sanit\u00e0 Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Universit\u00e0 Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Calzetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Sanit\u00e0 Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Universit\u00e0 Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1287-697X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniele","family":"Arnoldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Innovation Centre, Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all\u2019Adige, 38098 Trento, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3997-6783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annapaola","family":"Rizzoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Innovation Centre, Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all\u2019Adige, 38098 Trento, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4341-9923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valeria","family":"Lencioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, MUSE-Science Museum, 38098 Trento, Italy"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Paoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, MUSE-Science Museum, 38098 Trento, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9336-9111","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Romeo","family":"Bellini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Agricoltura Ambiente \u201cG. Nicoli\u201d, 40014 Crevalcore, Italy"}]},{"given":"Rodolfo","family":"Veronesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Agricoltura Ambiente \u201cG. Nicoli\u201d, 40014 Crevalcore, Italy"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Martini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Entostudio snc, 35020 Padua, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3260-5675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Drago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Entostudio snc, 35020 Padua, Italy"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"De Liberato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana \u201cM. Aleandri\u201d, 00178 Rome, Italy"}]},{"given":"Arianna","family":"Ermenegildi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Lazio e della Toscana \u201cM. Aleandri\u201d, 00178 Rome, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8572-7708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joao","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"della Torre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Sanit\u00e0 Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Universit\u00e0 Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy"}]},{"given":"Beniamino","family":"Caputo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Sanit\u00e0 Pubblica e Malattie Infettive, Universit\u00e0 Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"WHO (2017). Global Vector Control Repsonse 2017\u20132030, WHO."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"WHO (2014). 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