{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T01:17:32Z","timestamp":1778116652608,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]],"date-time":"2024-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 Research &amp; Innovation Program","award":["817622"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["817622"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 Research &amp; Innovation Program","award":["N18\/DBS\/000022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N18\/DBS\/000022"]}]},{"name":"Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Environmental Sciences","award":["817622"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["817622"]}]},{"name":"Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Environmental Sciences","award":["N18\/DBS\/000022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N18\/DBS\/000022"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Insects"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Honey bee colonies have great societal and economic importance. The main challenge that beekeepers face is keeping bee colonies healthy under ever-changing environmental conditions. In the past two decades, beekeepers that manage colonies of Western honey bees (Apis mellifera) have become increasingly concerned by the presence of parasites and pathogens affecting the bees, the reduction in pollen and nectar availability, and the colonies\u2019 exposure to pesticides, among others. Hence, beekeepers need to know the health condition of their colonies and how to keep them alive and thriving, which creates a need for a new holistic data collection method to harmonize the flow of information from various sources that can be linked at the colony level for different health determinants, such as bee colony, environmental, socioeconomic, and genetic statuses. For this purpose, we have developed and implemented the B-GOOD (Giving Beekeeping Guidance by computational-assisted Decision Making) project as a case study to categorize the colony\u2019s health condition and find a Health Status Index (HSI). Using a 3-tier setup guided by work plans and standardized protocols, we have collected data from inside the colonies (amount of brood, disease load, honey harvest, etc.) and from their environment (floral resource availability). Most of the project\u2019s data was automatically collected by the BEEP Base Sensor System. This continuous stream of data served as the basis to determine and validate an algorithm to calculate the HSI using machine learning. In this article, we share our insights on this holistic methodology and also highlight the importance of using a standardized data language to increase the compatibility between different current and future studies. We argue that the combined management of big data will be an essential building block in the development of targeted guidance for beekeepers and for the future of sustainable beekeeping.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/insects15010076","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]],"date-time":"2024-01-22T12:01:13Z","timestamp":1705924873000},"page":"76","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Bridging the Gap between Field Experiments and Machine Learning: The EC H2020 B-GOOD Project as a Case Study towards Automated Predictive Health Monitoring of Honey Bee Colonies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1525-0171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Coby","family":"van Dooremalen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Zeynep N.","family":"Ulgezen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4168-2194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raffaele","family":"Dall\u2019Olio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BeeSources di Raffaele Dall\u2019Olio, 40132 Bologna, Italy"}]},{"given":"Ugoline","family":"Godeau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de la Recherche pour l\u2019Agriculture, l\u2019Alimentation et l\u2019Environnement, 84914 Avignon, France"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2345-4155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaodong","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aarhus Universitet, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8045-4296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Paulo","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, TERRA Associated Laboratory, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Marc O.","family":"Sch\u00e4fer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Bundesforschunginstitut f\u00fcr Tiergesundheit, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9832-5609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexis","family":"Beaurepaire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Bee Health, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland"}]},{"given":"Pim","family":"van Gennip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stichting BEEP, 3972 LK Driebergen-Rijsenburg, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Marten","family":"Schoonman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stichting BEEP, 3972 LK Driebergen-Rijsenburg, The Netherlands"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1224-083X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claude","family":"Flener","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Suomen Mehil\u00e4ishoitajain Liitto, 00130 Helsinki, Finland"}]},{"given":"Severine","family":"Matthijs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sciensano, 1180 Brussels, Belgium"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8712-5882","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Claeys Bo\u00fa\u00faaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9967-7104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wim","family":"Verbeke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}]},{"given":"Dana","family":"Freshley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}]},{"given":"Dirk-Jan","family":"Valkenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Trudy","family":"van den Bosch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Famke","family":"Schaafsma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0982-1473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeroen","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2510-5816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The 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