{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T03:37:28Z","timestamp":1775014648242,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744675200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Innovation Council and SMEs Executive Agency","award":["101099283"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101099283"]}]},{"name":"European Innovation Council and SMEs Executive Agency","award":["2023.05286.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023.05286.BD"]}]},{"name":"European Innovation Council and SMEs Executive Agency","award":["2022.13476.BDANA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022.13476.BDANA"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["101099283"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101099283"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["2023.05286.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023.05286.BD"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["2022.13476.BDANA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022.13476.BDANA"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Insects"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mosquito-borne diseases such as dengue and West Nile virus pose serious public health risks. On Madeira Island, the presence of the mosquito species Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) and Culex pipiens (Linnaeus, 1758) raises concerns about local transmission. In this study, we tested 100 Ae. aegypti and 40 Cx. pipiens mosquitoes collected exclusively in the municipality of Funchal, Madeira Island, to assess the presence and diversity of Wolbachia, a naturally occurring bacterium known to reduce mosquitos\u2019 ability to transmit viruses. Molecular identification confirmed that all Cx. pipiens specimens belonged to the molestus biotype, with three individuals identified as hybrids between molestus and pipiens biotypes. This is the first evidence of such hybrids in Madeira. Wolbachia was not detected in any of the Ae. aegypti samples. In contrast, all Cx. pipiens mosquitoes were positive, showing a 100% prevalence. Genetic characterization placed these infections within the wPip clade, supergroup B, sequence type 9. These findings provide key baseline data to inform future mosquito control strategies on the island. As Ae. aegypti showed no natural Wolbachia infection, introducing Wolbachia-infected mosquitoes may be necessary to implement such biocontrol approaches in Madeira.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/insects16040418","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T10:49:54Z","timestamp":1744714194000},"page":"418","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Wolbachia Screening in Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens Mosquitoes from Madeira Island, Portugal"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9113-6777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CEVDI-INSA, Centre for Vectors and Infectious Diseases Research, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Avenida da Liberdade n.-5, 2965-575 \u00c1guas de Moura, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Tiago","family":"Melo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEVDI-INSA, Centre for Vectors and Infectious Diseases Research, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Avenida da Liberdade n.-5, 2965-575 \u00c1guas de Moura, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7258-1439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L\u00edbia","family":"Z\u00e9-Z\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEVDI-INSA, Centre for Vectors and Infectious Diseases Research, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Avenida da Liberdade n.-5, 2965-575 \u00c1guas de Moura, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for the Study of Animal Science (CECA)\/Institute for Agricultural and Agroalimentary Science and Technology (ICETA), University of Porto, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"In\u00eas C.","family":"Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEVDI-INSA, Centre for Vectors and Infectious Diseases Research, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Avenida da Liberdade n.-5, 2965-575 \u00c1guas de Moura, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4470-2202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEVDI-INSA, Centre for Vectors and Infectious Diseases Research, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Avenida da Liberdade n.-5, 2965-575 \u00c1guas de Moura, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0138-6999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GIMM\u2014Gulbenkian Institute for Molecular Medicine, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0580-0475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuno C.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GIMM\u2014Gulbenkian Institute for Molecular Medicine, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Bruna R.","family":"Gouveia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dire\u00e7\u00e3o Regional da Sa\u00fade, Rua 31 de Janeiro, n\u00ba. 54 e 55, 9054-511 Funchal, Portugal"},{"name":"Interactive Technologies Institute\u2014LARSyS, Polo Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico da Madeira, Caminho da Penteada, Piso-2, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5745-2153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gon\u00e7alo","family":"Seixas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GIMM\u2014Gulbenkian Institute for Molecular Medicine, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6704-740X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugo Costa","family":"Os\u00f3rio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEVDI-INSA, Centre for Vectors and Infectious Diseases Research, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Avenida da Liberdade n.-5, 2965-575 \u00c1guas de Moura, Portugal"},{"name":"Environment and Infectious Diseases Research Group, Environmental Health Institute (ISAMB), Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, Ed. Egas Moniz, Piso 0, Ala C, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2018.11.009","article-title":"Aedes aegypti vector competence studies: A review","volume":"67","author":"Powell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. 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