{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T02:04:39Z","timestamp":1792807479868,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766707200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32130014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32130014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32100346"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32100346"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Youth Scholars Promotion Plan of North China University of Science and Technology","award":["QNTJ202408"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QNTJ202408"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Insects"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: The identification of Tropidothorax cruciger and T. sinensis is often complicated by the presence of the \u201cintermediate form\u201d. Due to the lack of molecular data, the taxonomic status of the \u201cintermediate form\u201d and the species boundaries between T. cruciger and T. sinensis remain uncertain; (2) Methods: In this study, we integrated morphological, molecular, and ecological data to delimit species boundaries of these two species using multiple species delimitation approaches; (3) Results: Most species delimitation analyses based on the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) fragment suggested that T. cruciger and the \u201cintermediate form\u201d comprised a single species, with T. sinensis representing a separate species. This delimitation result was also supported by the analyses of BFD* and genetic clustering based on genome-wide SNPs. Under this species delimitation scenario, a clear-cut barcode gap was discovered between the interspecific and intraspecific genetic distances. In addition, environmental-related analyses showed highly similar ecological requirements of T. cruciger and the \u201cintermediate form\u201d, supporting their recognition as a single species; (4) Conclusions: This study clarifies the taxonomic status of the \u201cintermediate form\u201d and the species boundaries between T. cruciger and T. sinensis, which is essential for further studies of ecology and evolution of these species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/insects17010037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T06:25:51Z","timestamp":1766989551000},"page":"37","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Integrative Taxonomy Clarifies the Taxonomic Status of the Morphologically Intermediate Form Between Tropidothorax cruciger and T. sinensis (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0484-6153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chenguang","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3926-601X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiuxiu","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaning","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Life Sciences, University College London, London WC1H 0AP, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1795-5894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0647-0164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenjun","family":"Bu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"196","article-title":"A unified concept of species and its consequences for the future of taxonomy","volume":"56","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. 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