{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:09:30Z","timestamp":1760058570756,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]],"date-time":"2025-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NextGeneration EU","award":["124 (21\/06\/2022)","I43C21000230006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["124 (21\/06\/2022)","I43C21000230006"]}]},{"name":"Mission 4\u2014Component 2\u2014Investment 3.1.\u2014Project name: IRIS, CUP","award":["124 (21\/06\/2022)","I43C21000230006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["124 (21\/06\/2022)","I43C21000230006"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Instruments"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A novel instrument was designed and numerically validated for measuring AC losses in ramped superconducting magnets. These power losses are expected to be in the 1 W to 100 W range. The instrument improves metrological performance compared to existing instruments by reaching a target power loss uncertainty in the order of 0.1 watt. This allows accurate measurement of the power losses to improve magnet modeling. A Monte Carlo analysis is used to evaluate the measurement uncertainty. Such an analysis addresses the lack of uncertainty investigation in the literature for this kind of measurement, and the proposed approach can be applied to various magnet models. The physical design of the instrument is carried out by relying on an FPGA-based acquisition platform. Results on a representative case study reveal that the target uncertainty can be reached without any compensation or correction mechanism. Instead, when aiming to use compensation or correction of the inductive magnet voltage, the sensitivity analysis points out that offset errors and time delays must be limited. This also suggests that the magnet\u2019s inductance estimation should be improved more than the metrological performance of the instrumentation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/instruments9020008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T08:46:20Z","timestamp":1744274780000},"page":"8","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Design and Uncertainty Analysis of an AC Loss Measuring Instrument for Superconducting Magnets"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5192-5922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pasquale","family":"Arpaia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdepartmental Research Center in Health Management and Innovation in Healthcare (CIRMIS), University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo ed. 6 Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2095-1132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davide","family":"Cuneo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3582-4459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ernesto","family":"De Matteis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INFN Laboratori Acceleratori e Superconduttivit\u00e0 Applicata (LASA), Via Fratelli Cervi 201, Segrate, 20054 Milan, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3761-2401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Esposito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy"},{"name":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo ed. 6 Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8914-9781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico, DEEC, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1109\/77.783401","article-title":"Measurement of AC loss and magnetic field during ramps in the LHC model dipoles","volume":"9","author":"Ang","year":"1999","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1109\/TASC.2008.921305","article-title":"Coupling current and AC loss in LHC superconducting quadrupoles","volume":"18","author":"Bottura","year":"2008","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Appl. 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