{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T10:56:46Z","timestamp":1760785006881,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,28]],"date-time":"2021-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Inventions"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Traditionally and socially, the tourism in Constanta is considered to be important to the local economy. Sun and beach locations are both a draw for locals and tourists to the city, on the Black Sea. However, vacation-oriented activities in the city only have a seasonal cycle. In this paper, we proposed to analyze the mass tourist activity in Constanta, taking into account economic, social, and environmental conditions. Additionally, we attempted to build a model based on the data available. The model was developed using a PESTEL analysis to determine the supportability factor of the indicators identified. We also set out to create a projection of the activities proposed for analysis by 2050. To create a model for coastal areas, the data used in this research must be accurate and consistent. Furthermore, correctly identifying indicators and their relationships is a critical step in conducting a thorough study. Last but not least, finding the calculation coefficient for the activity in question is critical, as collecting data from various activities might be challenging when trying to find a feasible model.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/inventions6030046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,28]],"date-time":"2021-06-28T13:39:22Z","timestamp":1624887562000},"page":"46","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Multi-Criteria Analysis of the Mass Tourism Management Model Related to the Impact on the Local Community in Constanta City (Romania)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Catalin","family":"Anton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School of Social Human Sciences, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 47 Domneasca Street, 800008 Galati, Romania"}]},{"given":"Angela-Eliza","family":"Micu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School of Social Human Sciences, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 47 Domneasca Street, 800008 Galati, Romania"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6899-8442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eugen","family":"Rusu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School of Social Human Sciences, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 47 Domneasca Street, 800008 Galati, Romania"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anton, C., Gasparotti, C., Anton, I.A., and Rusu, E. (2019). Implementation of a Coastal Management model in Kinvara Bay at the North Atlantic Ocean. J. Mar. Sci. Eng., 1.","DOI":"10.3390\/jmse8020071"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Kindermann, G., Anton, C., Pender, K., and Cave, R. (2019). EU Life Feasability Study\u2014Flag Funded Cuanbao Project, Unpublished Work."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"24","article-title":"Developing a Multi-Criteria Decision Making Model for PESTEL Analysis","volume":"7","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Bus. Manag."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"Institutul National de Cercetare-Dezvoltare in Turism (2021, April 20). Strategia Integrat\u0103 de Dezvoltare Durabil\u0103 a Turismului \u00een Jude\u021bul Constan\u021ba, 2019\u20132028. Available online: http:\/\/www.cjc.ro\/dyn_doc\/turism\/Strategia_jud.Constanta_Faza2.pdf."},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Apele Romane ADMINISTRATIA MATIONALA (2012). Masterplanul Protectia si Reabilitarea Zonei Costiere. Constanta, 1, Available online: http:\/\/arhiva.rowater.ro\/dadobrogea\/Master%20Plan%20privind%20Protecia%20i%20Reabilitarea%20Zonei\/Forms\/viz%20MP1.aspx."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2011.05.134","article-title":"The effects of mass tourism: A case study from Manavgat (Antalya\u2014Turkey)","volume":"19","author":"Akis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Procedia Soc. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rusu, E., and Soares, C.G. (2008, January 9\u201313). Wave energy assessments in the coastal environment of Portugal continental. Proceedings of the International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, Berlin, Germany.","DOI":"10.1115\/OMAE2008-57820"},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"(2018). Strategia Na\u0163ional\u0103 a Rom\u00e2niei Pentru Dezvoltarea Turismului 2019\u20132030. Bucuresti, Available online: http:\/\/b2b-strategy.ro\/b2b\/wp-content\/uploads\/Strategia-na%C8%9Bional%C4%83-a-Rom%C3%A2niei-pentru-dezvoltarea-turismului-Volumul-1.pdf."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anton, I.A., Rusu, L., and Anton, C. (2019). Nearshore wave dynamics at Mangalia beach simulated by spectral models. J. Mar. Sci. Eng., 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/jmse7070206"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.30638\/eemj.2009.022","article-title":"Numerical modelling of longshore currents in marine environment","volume":"8","author":"Rusu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environ. Eng. Manag. J."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmarsys.2007.02.009","article-title":"A hybrid framework for predicting waves and longshore currents","volume":"69","author":"Rusu","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Mar. Syst."},{"key":"ref_12","first-page":"1673","article-title":"Influence of the interactions between waves and currents on the navigation at the entrance of the Danube Delta","volume":"13","author":"Ivan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Environ. Prot. Ecol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anton, C., Gasparotti, C., and Rusu, E. (2018, January 2\u20138). Identification of the economic pressure on environmental factors in the Romanian coastal zone-case study Eforie. Proceedings of the 18th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Surveying Geology and Mining Ecology Management (SGEM), Albena, Bulgaria.","DOI":"10.5593\/sgem2018\/5.3\/S28.059"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anton, C., Gasparotti, C., Rusu, E., and Anton, I.A. (2018, January 2\u20138). Approach to the analysis and evaluation of the strategic intervention options in the Romanian coastal zone taking into account economic, social and environmental factors. Proceedings of the International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Surveying Geology and Mining Ecology Management, SGEM 18 (5.3), Albena, Bulgaria.","DOI":"10.5593\/sgem2018\/5.3\/S28.009"},{"key":"ref_15","unstructured":"Anton, C., Gasparotti, C., and Rusu, E. (2018, January 2\u20138). A challenge for the inland navigation\u2014A connection between the Baltic and the Black seas. Proceedings of the ICTTE Conference, Belgrad, Serbia."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2005.07.031","article-title":"Application of ANP in process models: An example of strategic partnering","volume":"42","author":"Cheng","year":"2007","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"ref_17","first-page":"357","article-title":"The UK tour-operating industry: A competitive analysis","volume":"6","author":"Dare","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Vacat. Mark."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-2217(86)90184-0","article-title":"Dependence and independence: From linear hierarchies to nonlinear networks","volume":"26","author":"Saaty","year":"1986","journal-title":"Eur. J. Oper. Res."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2098","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2008.11.039","article-title":"Target-oriented obstacle analysis by PESTEL modeling of energy efficiency retrofit for existing residential buildings in China\u2019s northern heating region","volume":"37","author":"Shilei","year":"2009","journal-title":"Energy Policy"},{"key":"ref_20","first-page":"251","article-title":"COTS evaluation using modified TOPSIS and ANP","volume":"177","author":"Shyur","year":"2006","journal-title":"Appl. Math. Comput."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2006.02.004","article-title":"Evaluating intertwined effects in e-learning programs: A novel hybrid MCDM model based on factor analysis and DEMATEL","volume":"32","author":"Tzeng","year":"2007","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"117","article-title":"Questions that have to be answered by a well-managed strategy of coastal recreation and tourism enterprises development","volume":"4","author":"Vitkiene","year":"2009","journal-title":"TILTAI"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2007.07.025","article-title":"Choosing knowledge management strategies by using a combined ANP and DEMATEL approach","volume":"35","author":"Wu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eij.2013.05.001","article-title":"An extension of fuzzy decision maps for multi-criteria decision-making","volume":"14","author":"Elomda","year":"2013","journal-title":"Egypt Inform. J."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Frynas, J.G., and Mellahi, K. (2015). Global Strategic Management, Oxford University Press.","DOI":"10.1093\/hebz\/9780198706595.001.0001"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gray, S.A., Gray, S., Cox, L.J., and Henly-Shepard, S. (2013, January 7\u201310). Mental modeler: A fuzzy-logic cognitive mapping modeling tool for adaptive environmental management. Proceedings of the 2013 46th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Wailea, HI, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/HICSS.2013.399"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-5428(94)90020-5","article-title":"The transition economic of central and eastern Europe: A political, economic, social and technological analysis","volume":"29","author":"Healey","year":"1994","journal-title":"Columbia J. World Bus."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7373(86)80040-2","article-title":"Fuzzy cognitive maps","volume":"24","author":"Kosko","year":"1986","journal-title":"Int. J. Man Mach. Stud."}],"container-title":["Inventions"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2411-5134\/6\/3\/46\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:25:32Z","timestamp":1760163932000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2411-5134\/6\/3\/46"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,28]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]}},"alternative-id":["inventions6030046"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/inventions6030046","relation":{},"ISSN":["2411-5134"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2411-5134"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,28]]}}}