{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T17:51:01Z","timestamp":1772301061799,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,3]],"date-time":"2020-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ISCTE - Instituto Universit\u00e1rio de Lisboa","award":["ISCTE-IUL-ISTA-BM-2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ISCTE-IUL-ISTA-BM-2018"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IoT"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Water is a crucial natural resource, and it is widely mishandled, with an estimated one third of world water utilities having loss of water of around 40% due to leakage. This paper presents a proposal for a system based on a wireless sensor network designed to monitor water distribution systems, such as irrigation systems, which, with the help of an autonomous learning algorithm, allows for precise location of water leaks. The complete system architecture is detailed, including hardware, communication, and data analysis. A study to discover the best machine learning algorithm between random forest, decision trees, neural networks, and Support Vector Machine (SVM) to fit leak detection is presented, including the methodology, training, and validation as well as the obtained results. Finally, the developed system is validated in a real-case implementation that shows that it is able to detect leaks with a 75% accuracy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/iot1020026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,3]],"date-time":"2020-12-03T11:15:43Z","timestamp":1606994143000},"page":"474-493","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Precise Water Leak Detection Using Machine Learning and Real-Time Sensor Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Alves Coelho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Science and Technology, ISCTE\u2014Instituto Universit\u00e1rio de Lisboa, 1649-026 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5245-4392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Gl\u00f3ria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Science and Technology, ISCTE\u2014Instituto Universit\u00e1rio de Lisboa, 1649-026 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Telecomuni\u00e7\u00f5es, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Sebasti\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Science and Technology, ISCTE\u2014Instituto Universit\u00e1rio de Lisboa, 1649-026 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto de Telecomuni\u00e7\u00f5es, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2347","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2015.2444095","article-title":"Internet of Things: A Survey on Enabling","volume":"17","author":"Member","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. 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