{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:42:16Z","timestamp":1760146936721,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,22]],"date-time":"2024-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LA\/P\/0008\/2020 DOI 10.54499\/LA\/P\/0008\/2020, UIDP\/50006\/2020 DOI 10.54499\/UIDP\/50006\/2020 and UIDB\/50006\/2020 DOI 10.54499\/UIDB\/50006\/2020, UIDB\/04730\/2020 and UIDP\/04730\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0008\/2020 DOI 10.54499\/LA\/P\/0008\/2020, UIDP\/50006\/2020 DOI 10.54499\/UIDP\/50006\/2020 and UIDB\/50006\/2020 DOI 10.54499\/UIDB\/50006\/2020, UIDB\/04730\/2020 and UIDP\/04730\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011733","name":"Liga Portuguesa contra o cancro","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LPCC-NRN 2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LPCC-NRN 2024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011733","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study explored a novel method using fructose-derived carbon dots (FCDs) for antitumor therapy in breast cancer (BC), marking a pioneering use of fructose as a carbon source for nanoparticle synthesis. BC, known for its complexity and heterogeneity, was chosen as a model due to its increasing mortality and incidence rates. The FCD synthesis involved the decomposition of fructose through microwave irradiation, followed by purification and characterization using techniques such as transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, fluorescence spectrophotometry, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The FCDs, ranging in size from 2 to 6 nm, presented a hydrodynamic diameter below 2 nm, a spherical morphology, and a crystalline structure. As expected, FCDs were composed by carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen, and exhibited fluorescence with absorption and emission spectra at 405 nm and around 520 nm, respectively. Cell-based assays on breast epithelial and tumor cell lines demonstrated a dose-dependent response, with a decreased viability rate more pronounced in breast tumor cells. In conclusion, FCDs showed significant potential as selective antitumor agents for breast cancer therapy. The comprehensive characterization and cell-based assay evaluations provided valuable insights into the applications of these nanoparticles in breast cancer treatment, highlighting their selective toxicity and impact on tumor cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/j7040035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]],"date-time":"2024-12-24T09:48:58Z","timestamp":1735033738000},"page":"584-591","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fructose-Derived Carbon Dots as Selective Antitumor Agents in Breast Cancer Therapy: Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Evaluation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Sofia","family":"Magalh\u00e3es","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Superior Institute of Engineering of Porto (ISEP), Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5292-6337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Lu\u00eds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hern\u00e2ni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute of Investigation and Innovation in Health (I3S), Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University (EMCB\/UFP), Pra\u00e7a de 9 de Abril 349, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0218-1952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abel","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Superior Institute of Engineering of Porto (ISEP), Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"REQUIMTE\/LAQV, ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Center of Innovation in Engineering and Industrial Technology, ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. Ant\u00f3nio Bernardino de Almeida, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtcomm.2024.108549","article-title":"The impact of carbon nanoparticles derived from sucrose, glucose, and fructose precursors on the performance of fully printed perovskite solar cells","volume":"39","author":"Noipitak","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mater. 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