{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T20:38:36Z","timestamp":1783197516190,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]],"date-time":"2025-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748995200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Clin-STAR Transdisciplinary Aging Research Pilot\/Planning","award":["CS22005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CS22005"]}]},{"name":"Clin-STAR Transdisciplinary Aging Research Pilot\/Planning","award":["U24 AG065204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24 AG065204"]}]},{"name":"Clin-STAR Transdisciplinary Aging Research Pilot\/Planning","award":["K01-AG084971-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01-AG084971-01"]}]},{"name":"Clin-STAR Transdisciplinary Aging Research Pilot\/Planning","award":["58\u20138050-3-003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["58\u20138050-3-003"]}]},{"name":"Clin-STAR Transdisciplinary Aging Research Pilot\/Planning","award":["1P30AG031679"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1P30AG031679"]}]},{"name":"Clin-STAR Transdisciplinary Aging Research Pilot\/Planning","award":["UL1TR002489"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR002489"]}]},{"name":"National Institute on Aging (NIA) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH)","award":["CS22005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CS22005"]}]},{"name":"National Institute on Aging (NIA) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH)","award":["U24 AG065204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24 AG065204"]}]},{"name":"National Institute on Aging (NIA) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH)","award":["K01-AG084971-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01-AG084971-01"]}]},{"name":"National Institute on Aging (NIA) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH)","award":["58\u20138050-3-003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["58\u20138050-3-003"]}]},{"name":"National Institute on Aging (NIA) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH)","award":["1P30AG031679"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1P30AG031679"]}]},{"name":"National Institute on Aging (NIA) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH)","award":["UL1TR002489"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR002489"]}]},{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill\u2019s Center for Aging and Health","award":["CS22005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CS22005"]}]},{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill\u2019s Center for Aging and Health","award":["U24 AG065204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24 AG065204"]}]},{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill\u2019s Center for Aging and Health","award":["K01-AG084971-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01-AG084971-01"]}]},{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill\u2019s Center for Aging and Health","award":["58\u20138050-3-003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["58\u20138050-3-003"]}]},{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill\u2019s Center for Aging and Health","award":["1P30AG031679"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1P30AG031679"]}]},{"name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill\u2019s Center for Aging and Health","award":["UL1TR002489"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR002489"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes on Aging, National Institutes of Health","award":["CS22005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CS22005"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes on Aging, National Institutes of Health","award":["U24 AG065204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24 AG065204"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes on Aging, National Institutes of Health","award":["K01-AG084971-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01-AG084971-01"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes on Aging, National Institutes of Health","award":["58\u20138050-3-003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["58\u20138050-3-003"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes on Aging, National Institutes of Health","award":["1P30AG031679"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1P30AG031679"]}]},{"name":"National Institutes on Aging, National Institutes of Health","award":["UL1TR002489"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR002489"]}]},{"name":"SynchroHealth LLC.","award":["CS22005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CS22005"]}]},{"name":"SynchroHealth LLC.","award":["U24 AG065204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24 AG065204"]}]},{"name":"SynchroHealth LLC.","award":["K01-AG084971-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01-AG084971-01"]}]},{"name":"SynchroHealth LLC.","award":["58\u20138050-3-003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["58\u20138050-3-003"]}]},{"name":"SynchroHealth LLC.","award":["1P30AG031679"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1P30AG031679"]}]},{"name":"SynchroHealth LLC.","award":["UL1TR002489"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR002489"]}]},{"name":"US Department of Agriculture","award":["CS22005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CS22005"]}]},{"name":"US Department of Agriculture","award":["U24 AG065204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24 AG065204"]}]},{"name":"US Department of Agriculture","award":["K01-AG084971-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01-AG084971-01"]}]},{"name":"US Department of Agriculture","award":["58\u20138050-3-003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["58\u20138050-3-003"]}]},{"name":"US Department of Agriculture","award":["1P30AG031679"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1P30AG031679"]}]},{"name":"US Department of Agriculture","award":["UL1TR002489"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR002489"]}]},{"name":"NIH Boston Claude D. Pepper Center","award":["CS22005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CS22005"]}]},{"name":"NIH Boston Claude D. Pepper Center","award":["U24 AG065204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24 AG065204"]}]},{"name":"NIH Boston Claude D. Pepper Center","award":["K01-AG084971-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01-AG084971-01"]}]},{"name":"NIH Boston Claude D. Pepper Center","award":["58\u20138050-3-003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["58\u20138050-3-003"]}]},{"name":"NIH Boston Claude D. Pepper Center","award":["1P30AG031679"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1P30AG031679"]}]},{"name":"NIH Boston Claude D. Pepper Center","award":["UL1TR002489"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR002489"]}]},{"name":"NC Translational and Clinical Sciences (NC TraCS) Institute","award":["CS22005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CS22005"]}]},{"name":"NC Translational and Clinical Sciences (NC TraCS) Institute","award":["U24 AG065204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24 AG065204"]}]},{"name":"NC Translational and Clinical Sciences (NC TraCS) Institute","award":["K01-AG084971-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01-AG084971-01"]}]},{"name":"NC Translational and Clinical Sciences (NC TraCS) Institute","award":["58\u20138050-3-003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["58\u20138050-3-003"]}]},{"name":"NC Translational and Clinical Sciences (NC TraCS) Institute","award":["1P30AG031679"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1P30AG031679"]}]},{"name":"NC Translational and Clinical Sciences (NC TraCS) Institute","award":["UL1TR002489"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR002489"]}]},{"name":"Center for Aging at Health at the University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill","award":["CS22005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CS22005"]}]},{"name":"Center for Aging at Health at the University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill","award":["U24 AG065204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24 AG065204"]}]},{"name":"Center for Aging at Health at the University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill","award":["K01-AG084971-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K01-AG084971-01"]}]},{"name":"Center for Aging at Health at the University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill","award":["58\u20138050-3-003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["58\u20138050-3-003"]}]},{"name":"Center for Aging at Health at the University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill","award":["1P30AG031679"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1P30AG031679"]}]},{"name":"Center for Aging at Health at the University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill","award":["UL1TR002489"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR002489"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JAL"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Gait speed and grip strength are widely used measures of physical function in older adults and are predictive of disability, hospitalization, and mortality. However, there is a limited understanding of the long-term trajectories of these measures and which older adults are at the highest risk of functional decline. We used data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) to identify subgroups of community-dwelling older adults with distinct 10-year trajectories in gait speed and grip strength and to examine the baseline factors associated with these patterns. The sample included 4961 adults aged 65 years and older who completed gait speed and grip strength assessments in 2011 and at least one subsequent wave between 2013 and 2021. Using latent class growth analysis, we identified three trajectories for each measure: worsening, stable, and improving. More than one-third of participants were in the worsening group for at least one measure. In multinomial logistic regression models, lower income, Medicaid coverage, cognitive impairment, and multiple chronic conditions were associated with membership in worsening trajectory groups. These findings highlight the heterogeneity of physical aging and the importance of the early identification of older adults who may benefit from targeted interventions to maintain function and independence over time.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jal5020019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]],"date-time":"2025-06-04T08:51:04Z","timestamp":1749027064000},"page":"19","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Identifying Older Adults at Risk of Accelerated Decline in Gait Speed and Grip Strength: Insights from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2512-9367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David H.","family":"Lynch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geriatric Medicine, Center for Aging and Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA"},{"name":"Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA"},{"name":"Center for Aging and Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4027-4113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hillary","family":"Spangler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geriatric Medicine, Center for Aging and Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob S.","family":"Griffin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Kahkoska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Aging and Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1604-8792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominic","family":"Boccaccio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geriatric Medicine, Center for Aging and Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenyi","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2638-1775","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feng-Chang","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0845-4416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John A.","family":"Batsis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Geriatric Medicine, Center for Aging and Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA"},{"name":"Center for Aging and Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger A.","family":"Fielding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA"},{"name":"Metabolism and Basic Biology of Aging Directive, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0909087","article-title":"Trajectories of disability in the last year of life","volume":"362","author":"Gill","year":"2010","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2387","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.5616","article-title":"Effect of structured physical activity on prevention of major mobility disability in older adults: The LIFE study randomized clinical trial","volume":"311","author":"Pahor","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00233.2016","article-title":"Comparison of high-intensity vs. high-volume resistance training on the BDNF response to exercise","volume":"121","author":"Church","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg.2016.86","article-title":"Towards precision medicine","volume":"17","author":"Ashley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Genet."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Beaudart, C., Zaaria, M., Pasleau, F., Reginster, J.Y., and Bruy\u00e8re, O. (2017). Health Outcomes of Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0169548"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2076","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2010.03154.x","article-title":"Heterogeneity in rate of decline in grip, hip, and knee strength and the risk of all-cause mortality: The Women\u2019s Health and Aging Study II","volume":"58","author":"Xue","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1177\/0898264316656515","article-title":"Combined Measures of Upper and Lower Body Strength and Subgroup Differences in Subsequent Survival Among the Older Population of England","volume":"28","author":"Sanderson","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Aging Health"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)62000-6","article-title":"Prognostic value of grip strength: Findings from the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study","volume":"386","author":"Leong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M43","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/55.1.M43","article-title":"Preclinical mobility disability predicts incident mobility disability in older women","volume":"55","author":"Fried","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2007.01496.x","article-title":"Prediction of Mortality in Community-Living Frail Elderly People with Long-Term Care Needs","volume":"56","author":"Carey","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2018","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.17.2018","article-title":"Association of long-distance corridor walk performance with mortality, cardiovascular disease, mobility limitation, and disability","volume":"295","author":"Newman","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2019.03.005","article-title":"Relationship between grip strength and global muscle strength in community-dwelling older people","volume":"82","author":"Porto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S194543","article-title":"Grip Strength: An Indispensable Biomarker for Older Adults","volume":"14","author":"Bohannon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Interv. Aging"},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"1037","article-title":"Functional decline in old age","volume":"157","year":"1997","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buurman, B.M., Hoogerduijn, J.G., de Haan, R.J., Abu-Hanna, A., Lagaay, A.M., Verhaar, H.J., Schuurmans, M.J., Levi, M., and de Rooij, S.E. (2011). Geriatric conditions in acutely hospitalized older patients: Prevalence and one-year survival and functional decline. PLoS ONE, 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0026951"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"afac007","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afac007","article-title":"Patient-related risk factors for in-hospital functional decline in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"51","author":"Geyskens","year":"2022","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, H., and Wang, M. (2022). Socioeconomic status and ADL disability of the older adults: Cumulative health effects, social outcomes and impact mechanisms. PLoS ONE, 17.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0262808"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mcmaughan, D.J., Oloruntoba, O., and Smith, M.L. (2020). Socioeconomic Status and Access to Healthcare: Interrelated Drivers for Healthy Aging. Front. Public Health, 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2020.00231"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, C.J., and Latham, N.K. (2009). Progressive resistance strength training for improving physical function in older adults. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev., CD002759.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002759.pub2"}],"container-title":["Journal of Ageing and Longevity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2673-9259\/5\/2\/19\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T17:46:31Z","timestamp":1760031991000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2673-9259\/5\/2\/19"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["jal5020019"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jal5020019","relation":{},"ISSN":["2673-9259"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2673-9259","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]]}}}