{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T02:14:40Z","timestamp":1778206480071,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,26]],"date-time":"2021-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632614400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CiiEM Investiga 2019 Program","award":["Grant number EI 19\/11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant number EI 19\/11"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We aimed to explore the association between volatile sulfurous compounds (VSCs) and periodontal epithelial surface area (PESA) and periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) on a cohort of periodontitis patients. Consecutive patients were assessed for periodontitis and halitosis. A full-mouth periodontal status assessment tested probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), gingival recession (REC), bleeding on probing (BoP), PISA and PESA. A halitosis assessment was made using a VSC detector device. Periodontal measures were regressed across VSC values using adjusted multivariate linear analysis. From a total of seventy-two patients (37 females\/35 males), the PESA of posterior-lower regions was found to be significantly higher in halitosis cases than their non-halitosis counterparts (p = 0.031). Considering all patients, the PESA of the posterior-lower region (B = 1.3, 95% CI: 0.2\u20132.3, p = 0.026) and age (B = \u22121.6, 95% CI: \u22123.1\u20130.2, p = 0.026) showed significant association with VSCs. In halitosis patients, the PESA of the posterior-lower region (B = 0.1, 95% CI: 0.0\u20130.1, p = 0.001), PISA Total (B = \u22120.1, 95% CI: \u22120.1\u20130.0, p = 0.008) and the OHIP-14 domain of physical disability (B = \u22122.1, 95% CI:\u22124.1\u20130.1, p = 0.040) were the most significant variables in this model. The PESA from the posterior-lower region may be associated with VSCs when other causes of extra-oral halitosis are excluded. Further intervention studies are needed to confirm this association.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10194415","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,27]],"date-time":"2021-09-27T04:55:33Z","timestamp":1632718533000},"page":"4415","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Periodontitis, Halitosis and Oral-Health-Related Quality of Life\u2014A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0203-3466","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catarina","family":"Izidoro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Periodontology Department, Egas Moniz Dental Clinic (EMDC), Egas Moniz\u2014Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Egas Moniz Interdisciplinary Research Center (CiiEM), Egas Moniz\u2014Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1019-8263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Botelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Periodontology Department, Egas Moniz Dental Clinic (EMDC), Egas Moniz\u2014Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Egas Moniz Interdisciplinary Research Center (CiiEM), Egas Moniz\u2014Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2503-260X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanessa","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Periodontology Department, Egas Moniz Dental Clinic (EMDC), Egas Moniz\u2014Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Egas Moniz Interdisciplinary Research Center (CiiEM), Egas Moniz\u2014Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana Mafalda","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroradiology Department, Hospital Pedro Hispano, 4464-513 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"ICBAS\u2014Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, 4099-030 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8482-5936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Proen\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quantitative Methods for Health Research Unit (MQIS), Egas Moniz\u2014Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Periodontology Department, Egas Moniz Dental Clinic (EMDC), Egas Moniz\u2014Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal"},{"name":"Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Egas Moniz Interdisciplinary Research Center (CiiEM), Egas Moniz\u2014Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0167-4077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Jo\u00e3o","family":"Mendes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Unit (CRU), Egas Moniz Interdisciplinary Research Center (CiiEM), Egas Moniz\u2014Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0757.2011.00413.x","article-title":"Global Periodontal Disease Epidemiology","volume":"58","author":"Dye","year":"2012","journal-title":"Periodontology 2000"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15538","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-52116-6","article-title":"Study of Periodontal Health in Almada-Seixal (SoPHiAS): A Cross-Sectional Study in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area","volume":"9","author":"Botelho","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. 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