{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T14:21:20Z","timestamp":1774102880519,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,10]],"date-time":"2021-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633824000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Auto-brewery syndrome (ABS) is a rare, unstudied, unknown, and underreported phenomenon in modern medicine. Patients with this syndrome become inebriated and may suffer the medical and social implications of alcoholism, including arrest for inebriated driving. The pathophysiology of ABS is reportedly due to a fungal type dysbiosis of the gut that ferments some carbohydrates into ethanol and may mimic a food allergy or intolerance. This syndrome should be considered in patients with chronic obstruction or hypomotility presenting with elevated breath and blood alcohol concentrations, especially after a high carbohydrate intake. A glucose challenge test should be performed as the confirmatory test. Treatment typically includes antifungal drugs combined with changes in lifestyle and nutrition. Additional studies are particularly needed on the human microbiome to shed light on how imbalances of commensal bacteria in the gut allow yeast to colonize on a pathological level.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10204637","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,10]],"date-time":"2021-10-10T21:23:25Z","timestamp":1633901005000},"page":"4637","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["The Auto-Brewery Syndrome: A Perfect Metabolic \u201cStorm\u201d with Clinical and Forensic Implications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7430-6297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo Jorge","family":"Dinis-Oliveira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"TOXRUN\u2014Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, Advanced Polytechnic and University Cooperative (CESPU), CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n\u00ba 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-7368(84)72325-5","article-title":"Intragastrointestinal alcohol fermentation syndrome: Report of two cases and review of the literature","volume":"24","author":"Kaji","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. 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