{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T15:29:55Z","timestamp":1770650995443,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,26]],"date-time":"2022-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656201600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ciro + Short-term Research Training Fellowship 2021","award":["SFRH\/BD\/146134\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/146134\/2019"]}]},{"name":"Ciro + Short-term Research Training Fellowship 2021","award":["UIDB\/04501\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04501\/2020"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/146134\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/146134\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04501\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04501\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Evidence suggests sex-related differences in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Whether these differences are reflected in the prevalence of treatable traits remains unknown. Methods: Two samples of patients referred to secondary (n = 530) or tertiary care (n = 2012) were analyzed. Men and women were matched for age, forced expiratory volume in 1 s and body mass index. Sex-related differences were tested using t-tests, Mann-Whitney U, or chi-square tests. Results: Frequent exacerbations (30.5 vs. 19.7%), high cardiovascular risk (88.1 vs. 66.2%) and activity-related severe dyspnea (50.9 vs. 34.8%) were more prevalent in women in secondary care (p &lt; 0.05). Severe hyperinflation (43.0 vs. 25.4%), limited diffusing capacity (79.6 vs. 70.1%), impaired mobility (44.0 vs. 28.7%), frequent exacerbations (66.8 vs. 57.4%), frequent hospitalizations (47.5 vs. 41.6%), severe activity-related dyspnea (89.1 vs. 85.0%), symptoms of anxiety (56.3 vs. 42.0%) and depression (50.3 vs. 44.8%), and poor health status (79.9 vs. 71.0%) were more prevalent in women in tertiary care (p &lt; 0.05). Severe inspiratory muscle weakness (14.6 vs. 8.2%) and impaired exercise capacity (69.1 vs. 59.6%) were more prevalent among men (p &lt; 0.05) in tertiary care. Conclusions: Sex-related differences were found, with most traits more prevalent and severe among women. Care providers should be aware of these differences to adjust treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11133680","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,26]],"date-time":"2022-06-26T09:00:13Z","timestamp":1656234013000},"page":"3680","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Differences in Pulmonary and Extra-Pulmonary Traits between Women and Men with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5984-4844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Souto-Miranda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research and Development, Ciro, 6085 NM Horn, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Respiratory Research and Rehabilitation Laboratory (Lab3R) and Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5514-2327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex J.","family":"van \u2018t Hul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Diseases, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4136-1553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anouk W.","family":"Vaes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research and Development, Ciro, 6085 NM Horn, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Jeanine C.","family":"Antons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Diseases, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Remco S.","family":"Djamin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Diseases, Amphia Hospital, 4818 CK Breda, The Netherlands"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1827-9869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daisy J. A.","family":"Janssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research and Development, Ciro, 6085 NM Horn, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Health Services Research, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6226 NB Maastricht, The Netherlands"}]},{"given":"Frits M. E.","family":"Franssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research and Development, Ciro, 6085 NM Horn, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4980-6200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alda","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Research and Rehabilitation Laboratory (Lab3R) and Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3822-7430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martijn A.","family":"Spruit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research and Development, Ciro, 6085 NM Horn, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S146390","article-title":"Gender-specific estimates of COPD prevalence: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Ntritsos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. 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