{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T13:04:38Z","timestamp":1774616678841,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]],"date-time":"2023-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673827200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Interhospitalaria para la Investigaci\u00f3n cardiovascular, FIC"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Heart disease is linked to worse acute outcomes after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), although long-term outcomes and prognostic factor data are lacking. We aim to characterize the outcomes and the impact of underlying heart diseases after surviving COVID-19 hospitalization. Methods: We conducted an analysis of the prospective registry HOPE-2 (Health Outcome Predictive Evaluation for COVID-19-2, NCT04778020). We selected patients discharged alive and considered the primary end-point all-cause mortality during follow-up. As secondary main end-points, we included any readmission or any post-COVID-19 symptom. Clinical features and follow-up events are compared between those with and without cardiovascular disease. Factors with p &lt; 0.05 in the univariate analysis were entered into the multivariate analysis to determine independent prognostic factors. Results: HOPE-2 closed on 31 December 2021, with 9299 patients hospitalized with COVID-19, and 1805 died during this acute phase. Finally, 7014 patients with heart disease data were included in the present analysis, from 56 centers in 8 countries. Heart disease (+) patients were older (73 vs. 58 years old), more frequently male (63 vs. 56%), had more comorbidities than their counterparts, and suffered more frequently from post-COVID-19 complications and higher mortality (OR heart disease: 2.63, 95% CI: 1.81\u20133.84). Vaccination was found to be an independent protector factor (HR all-cause death: 0.09; 95% CI: 0.04\u20130.19). Conclusions: After surviving the acute phase, patients with underlying heart disease continue to present a more complex clinical profile and worse outcomes including increased mortality. The COVID-19 vaccine could benefit survival in patients with heart disease during follow-up.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12020706","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]],"date-time":"2023-01-16T04:57:19Z","timestamp":1673845039000},"page":"706","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Post-COVID-19 Symptoms and Heart Disease: Incidence, Prognostic Factors, Outcomes and Vaccination: Results from a Multi-Center International Prospective Registry (HOPE 2)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1779-3102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivan J.","family":"N\u00fa\u00f1ez-Gil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, Hospital Cl\u00ednico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Od\u00f3n, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gisela","family":"Feltes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Od\u00f3n, Spain"},{"name":"Cardiology Department, Hospital Vithas Arturo Soria, 28043 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9523-1631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda C.","family":"Viana-Llamas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara, 19002 Guadalajara, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Raposeiras-Roubin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario \u00c1lvaro Cunqueiro, 36213 Vigo, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rodolfo","family":"Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department, Hospital Isabel Zendal and Hospital Universitario de Getafe, 28905 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1063-9898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emilio","family":"Alfonso-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, Institute of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery, Havana C.P. 10400, Cuba"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aitor","family":"Uribarri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9909-6513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Santoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, Ospedali Riuniti, 71122 Foggia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6454-7644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V\u00edctor","family":"Becerra-Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 M\u00e1laga, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9235-1419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martino","family":"Pepe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Cardiology Unit, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4208-1681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex F.","family":"Castro-Mej\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, Hospital General del Norte de Guayaquil IESS Los Ceibos, Guayaquil 090615, Ecuador"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaime","family":"Signes-Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pneumology Department, Hospital Cl\u00ednico de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3150-2009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adelina","family":"Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesiology Department, Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofia, 28703 San Sebastian de los Reyes, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7246-7708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Mar\u00edn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, Hospital Cl\u00ednico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30003 Murcia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Lopez-Pa\u00eds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, 32005 Orense, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1260-7534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrico","family":"Cerrato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, San Luigi Gonzaga University Hospital, Orbassano and Rivoli Infermi Hospital, 10043 Rivoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olalla","family":"V\u00e1zquez-Cancela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Preventive Department, Hospital Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7196-9260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolina","family":"Espejo-Paeres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology and Emergency Department, Hospital Universitario Pr\u00edncipe de Asturias, 28034 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00c1lvaro","family":"L\u00f3pez Masjuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiology Department, Hospital Universitario Juan Ram\u00f3n Jimenez, 21002 Huelva, 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