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Methods: We applied a fully automated voxel-based morphometry (VBM) approach to assess structural brain hemispheric asymmetry in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) anatomical scans in 60 participants (SCZ = 20; BP = 20; healthy controls = 20), all right-handed and matched for gender, age, and education. Results: Significant differences in gray matter asymmetry were found between patients with SCZ and BPD, between SCZ patients and healthy controls (HC), and between BPD patients and HC. We found a higher asymmetry index (AI) in BPD patients when compared to SCZ in Brodmann areas 6, 11, and 37 and anterior cingulate cortex and an AI higher in SCZ patients when compared to BPD in the cerebellum. Conclusion: Our study found significant differences in brain asymmetry between patients with SCZ and BPD. These promising results could be translated to clinical practice, given that structural brain changes detected by MRI are good candidates for exploration as biological markers for differential diagnosis, besides helping to understand disease-specific abnormalities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12103421","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]],"date-time":"2023-05-12T01:05:10Z","timestamp":1683853510000},"page":"3421","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Brain Hemispheric Asymmetry in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Diogo","family":"Pinto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra (UC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7184-185X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra (UC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2180-2718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio","family":"Macedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra (UC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Centro Hospitalar e Universit\u00e1rio de Coimbra (CHUC), 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4364-6373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"Castelo Branco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra (UC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8586-9554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Valente Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra (UC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5009-8841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuno","family":"Madeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra (UC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), Institute of Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Centro Hospitalar e Universit\u00e1rio de Coimbra (CHUC), 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01730-X","article-title":"Schizophrenia","volume":"399","author":"Jauhar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1590\/S1807-59322011001300009","article-title":"The role of the cerebellum in schizophrenia: From cognition to molecular pathways","volume":"66","author":"Gruber","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clinics"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18008","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2018.8","article-title":"Bipolar disorders","volume":"4","author":"Vieta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. 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