{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T21:20:42Z","timestamp":1789075242331,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]],"date-time":"2023-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687219200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JCM"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: The post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) infection have caused a significant impact on our health system, but there is limited evidence of approved drugs focused on its prevention. Our objective was to identify risk factors that can determine the presence of PASC, with special attention to the treatment received in the acute phase, and to describe the profile of persistent symptoms in a multidisciplinary Post-Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) Unit. Methods: This one-year prospective observational study included patients following an acute COVID-19 infection, irrespective of whether they required hospital admission. A standardized symptom questionnaire and blood sampling were performed at the first follow-up visit, and demographic and clinical electronic data were collected. We compared subjects with PASC with those who had fully recovered. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with PASC in hospitalized patients, and Kaplan\u2013Meier curves were used to assess duration of symptoms according to disease severity and treatments received in the acute phase. Results: 1966 patients were evaluated; 1081 had mild disease, 542 moderate and 343 severe; around one third of the subjects had PASC, and were more frequently female, with obesity, asthma, and eosinophilia during acute COVID-19 disease. Patients who received treatment with dexamethasone and remdesivir during the course of the acute illness showed a lower median duration of symptoms, compared with those who received none of these treatments. Conclusion: Treatment with dexamethasone and\/or remdesivir may be useful to reduce the impact of PASC secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection. In addition, we identified female gender, obesity, asthma, and disease severity as risk factors for having PASC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12124158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,21]],"date-time":"2023-06-21T02:01:33Z","timestamp":1687312893000},"page":"4158","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Treatment of COVID-19 during the Acute Phase in Hospitalized Patients Decreases Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Diana","family":"Badenes Bonet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Medicine Department, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5028-7439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oswaldo Antonio","family":"Caguana V\u00e9lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Medicine Department, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"Duran Jord\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Assessoria Metodol\u00f2gica i Bioestad\u00edstica (AMIB), 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1926-2740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Merce","family":"Comas Serrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology and Evaluation Department, Hospital del Mar, REDISSEC, RICAPPS, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margarita","family":"Posso Rivera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology and Evaluation Department, Hospital del Mar, REDISSEC, RICAPPS, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mireia","family":"Admetll\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Medicine Department, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Herranz Blasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Medicine Department, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9147-875X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisa","family":"Cuadrado Godia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3412-0356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ester","family":"Marco Navarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5106-7526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gemma","family":"Martin Ezquerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Department, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zenaida","family":"Pineiro Aguin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Otorrinolaringology Department, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4359-0866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Cinta","family":"Cumpli Gargallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Medicine Department, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4682-8535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose Gregorio","family":"Gonzalez Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Medicine Department, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Balcells Vilarnau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Medicine Department, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8566-4011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego","family":"Rodriguez Chiaradia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Medicine Department, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"Castells","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology and Evaluation Department, Hospital del Mar, REDISSEC, RICAPPS, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joaquim","family":"Gea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Medicine Department, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, 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Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.1585","article-title":"Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China","volume":"323","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03553-9","article-title":"High-dimensional characterization of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19","volume":"594","author":"Xie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Menges, D., Ballouz, T., Anagnostopoulos, A., Aschmann, H.E., Domenghino, A., Fehr, J.S., and Puhan, M.A. (2021). 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